有機栽培及慣行栽培下苦瓜及東方甜瓜之生長及產量效應

The Effects of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems on the Production of Bitter Gourd and Oriental Melon

戴振洋(Chen-Yang Tai) ； 蔡宜峰(Yi-Fong Tsai) ； 梁燕青(Yen-Ching Liang)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 108期 (2010/09) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.201009.0001

摘要

本研究目的為探討有機栽培及慣行栽培下對苦瓜及東方甜瓜果實產量、葉片養分含量及土壤肥力之影響。試驗園圃設置於彰化縣大村鄉，試區土壤屬於石灰性粘板岩沖積土，有機栽培處理採用堆肥及有機液肥，慣行栽培處理採用化學複合肥料及化學即溶液肥。由試驗結果顯示，慣行栽培處理區的「小月」品種苦瓜之瓜果產量高於有機栽培處理區約28%，「翠妃」品種苦瓜之瓜果產量亦以慣行栽培處理區較高，比有機栽培處理區高約31%，東方甜瓜瓜果縱徑、瓜果橫徑、單果鮮重、果實可溶性固形物含量及瓜果產量在不同處理間差異不顯著。苦瓜的瓜果之還原能力（FRAP value）、DPPH自由基清除能力在不同處理間差異不顯著，有機栽培處理的「小月」品種苦瓜葉片之DPPH自由基清除能力高於慣行栽培處理，惟對於「翠妃」品種則無明顯差異，另有機栽培處理的「翠妃」品種苦瓜之瓜果維生素C含量高於慣行栽培處理，惟對於「小月」品種則無明顯差異。經過連續栽種苦瓜及東方甜瓜後，有機栽培處理區的土壤EC值、有機質含量、Bray no. 1萃取性磷含量、交換性鉀及鎂含量較高於慣行栽培處理區。

關鍵字

有機栽培 ； 慣行栽培 ； 土壤肥力 ； 苦瓜 ； 東方甜瓜

並列摘要

The objective of this research was to evaluate the status of the plant growth and yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) in organic and conventional farming systems. The effects of the leaf nutrient contents and soil fertility were analysis. Field experiments were conducted with two different farming systems (organic and conventional) at Taisuen (Calcareous slate alluvial soil). The compost and liquid organic fertilizer had applied in organic farming system. In conventional farming system, chemical compound fertilizers and soluble chemical fertilizers were used. The results showed that the fruit yield of bitter gourd in conventional farming system were 28% and 31% higher compared to that of organic farming system on 'New Moon' and 'Jadeite' varieties, respectively. There were not significant differences on the fruit height, fruit diamante, fruit weight, total soluble solid content and fruit yield of oriental melon between the treatments. There were not significant differences on the reducing capacity (FRAP value) and DPPH scavenging activity of the fruit of bitter gourd between the treatments on both varieties. The DPPH scavenging activity of the bitter gourd leaf in organic farming system had better performance when compared with that in conventional farming system on 'New Moon'. The DPPH scavenging activity of the 'Jadeite' bitter gourd leaf had not significant differences between the treatments. The vitamin C content of the bitter gourd fruit in organic farming system had better performance when compared with that in conventional farming system on 'Jadeite' variety. The vitamin C content of the 'New Moon' bitter gourd fruit had not significant differences between the treatments. The results also showed that the soil EC, and the contents of organic matter, bray no. 1 extracted P, exchangeable K and Mg were increased on organic farming system when compared with that in conventional farming system after bitter gourd and oriental melon cultured.

並列關鍵字

organic culture ； conventional culture ； soil fertility ； bitter gourd ； oriental melon