樺斑蝶（Danaus chrysippus L.）在兩種寄主植物上之表現

Performance of Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus L.) on Two Host Plants, Asclepias curassavica L. and A. fruticosa L.

王妃蟬(Fei-Chen Wang) ； 黃紹毅(Shaw-Yhi Hwang)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 108期 (2010/09) Pp. 57-68

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.201009.0057

摘要

樺斑蝶（Danaus chrysippus L.）為臺灣常見蝶類，其寄主植物為馬利筋（Asclepias curassavica L.）及釘頭果(A. fruticosa L.）。於樺斑蝶一齡幼蟲取食偏好試驗中發現，其對於兩種寄主植物並無取食行為上之偏好。產卵偏好試驗中發現，樺斑蝶雌成蟲對馬利筋具有產卵偏好，於馬利筋上的卵粒數為釘頭果之2倍以上。於長期餵食試驗中發現，取食釘頭果的樺斑蝶幼蟲期較短，且幼蟲平均生長速率較快；此外，取食釘頭果的樺斑蝶，其蛹及成蟲重量均較取食馬利筋之樺斑蝶重，且成蟲翅長也明顯較長。本實驗中所有供試植物的化學成份分析結果，馬利筋的含水量均高於釘頭果，故推測寄主植物含水量較高會影響幼蟲的消化效率，進而影響幼蟲的生長發育。而兩寄主植物的奮心配醣體含量高低並不穩定；含量較高可能會影響雌蟲的大小，但不影響幼蟲的生長發育的情形。

關鍵字

樺斑蝶 ； 馬利筋 ； 釘頭果 ； 奮心配醣體 ； 產卵偏好

並列摘要

The Plain tiger, Danaus chrysippus L., is a common butterfly found in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to compare the first instar feeding preference, oviposition preference and host plant utilization of Plain tiger on two host plants, Asclepias curassvica L. and A. fruticosa L. Both oviposition and feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the host plant qualities on performance of this butterfly. The results of first instar feeding trials indicated that first instar D. chrysippus has no feeding preference between foliage of these two food plants; but female butterflies prefer to oviposit on foliage of A. curassavica. Results of long-term feeding trials showed that larvae fed on foliage of A. fruticosa grow faster than those fed on foliage of A. curassvica. In addition, pupal weight, adult weight, and adult wing length showed distinct differences between D. chrysippus that fed on foliage of different food plants. Foliar chemistry analysis in all trials indicated that water content of A. curassavica was significantly higher than that of A. fruticosa. However, insects would have low digestibility when fed on foliage of A. curassavica. This result suggests that high water content in food plants may cause the decrease in digestibility of larvae. This inference may explain the reason why D. chrysippus performs better on foliage of A. fruticosa during the long-term feeding trials.

並列關鍵字

Danaus chrysippus L. ； Asclepias curassavica L. ； Asclepias fruticosa L. ； cardenolide ； ovipostion preference