番石榴瘡痂病、疫病之發生及其防治藥劑篩選

The Occurrence of Guava Scab and Phytophthora Fruit Rot and Fungicides Screening for Disease Control

葉士財(Shih-Tsai Yeh) ； 廖君達(Chung-Ta Liao) ； 郭建志(Chien-Chih Kuo) ； 柯文華(Wen-Fwa Ko)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 110期 (2011/03) Pp. 43-54

https://doi.org/10.6956/BTDAIS.201103.0043

摘要

番石榴為中部地區重要經濟果樹，生育期間果實主要的病害有炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）、瘡痂病（Pestalotiopsis psidii）、黑星病（Phyllosticta psidiicola）及疫病（Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica）等4種為害最為嚴重。本試驗目的在調查番石榴果實瘡痂病及疫病之發生消長，並進行室內及田間藥劑試驗。結果顯示瘡痂病主要發生期間為7～11月，疫病以8～10月間颱風降雨時發生較多。瘡痂病菌絲生長溫度以15～30℃最適合，低於10℃或高於35℃皆不利菌絲生長。不同種類藥劑對番石榴瘡痂病菌絲生長的影響，以40％克熱淨可溼性粉劑1,500倍處理抑制效果較佳；對疫病菌絲生長的影響，以33.5％快得寧水懸劑1,000倍處理抑制效果較佳。田間藥劑試驗結果以40％克熱淨可溼性粉劑1,500倍對番石榴果實瘡痂病防治效果最佳，並與對照無施藥處理間達到5％顯著性差異；疫病田間藥劑試驗結果，以33.5％快得寧水懸劑1,000倍效果較佳。

關鍵字

番石榴 ； 瘡痂病 ； 疫病 ； 殺菌劑

並列摘要

The guava is an important economic fruit trees in central Taiwan. The anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), scab (Pestalotiopsis psidii), black spot (Phyllosticta psidiicola) and Phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) are four important fruit diseases during cultivated period. In this study, the occurrence of scab and Phytophthora fruit rot of guava fruit diseases were investigated, and control fungicides were screened in the laboratory and field for control guava fruit disease. The results showed that the scab was major disease. during July. to Nov. cmber The Phytophthora fruit rot was epidemic between Aug. and October in the heavy rainfall period. The optimal growth temperature for mycelial growth of pathogen of fruit scab is from 15 to 30℃. Difference fungicides were tested for their inhibitory effect on P. psidii and P. nicotianae var. parasitica. Using 40% Iminoctadine Triacetate WP 1,500 dilution fold had better inhibiting effect to mycelium growth of P. psidii and 33.5% Oxine-copper SC 1,000 dilution fold had better inhibiting effect to Phytophthora fruit rot pathogen. Field trial results also showed that 40% Iminoctadine Triacetate WP 1,500 dilution fold had better control effect to fruit scab, and 33.5% Oxine-copper SC 1,000 fold to Phytophthora fruit rot in the field.

並列關鍵字

guava ； Psidium guajava ； guava scab (Pestalotiopsis psidii) ； Phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) ； fungicide