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朝天椒大孢子發育與子房組織化學特徵的探討
Megasporogenesis and Histochemical Characteristics of Ovary in Pungent Pepper (Capsicum Annuum var. Conoides)
摘要
朝天椒（Capsicum annuum var. conoides）為番椒育種重要之耐熱、抗病毒種原，本研究就朝天椒不同生長期的花蕾，依據其縱徑大小與外觀型態將花蕾分為七期，進行解剖與埋蠟切片觀察記錄，調查大孢子分化發育情形與探討組織化學特徵。花蕾第一期花器已經大致發育完成，此期蕾柱伸長，胚珠原陸續形成；第二期時花瓣可見但包覆於花萼內；第三期花瓣略為突出花萼，在胎座同一切面上排列12到15個胚珠已形成大孢子；第四期為花器完成期，花瓣已突出花萼達1/3；第五期開花初期，花瓣突出花萼超過1/2。第六期為開花中期，雄蕊逐漸開裂，花瓣外露部分達花萼兩倍，第七期為花瓣完全開放，授粉完成。組織化學染色分析顯示，在第五期時，胚胎基部與胎座間有明顯的油滴形成，多醣體主要分佈在子房壁內側，蛋白質則存在於胚與維管束，結晶沙則隨著花蕾發育逐漸堆積在維管束周遭。
並列摘要
The pungent pepper Capsicum annuum var. conoides is an important variety for breeding, which is heat and virus tolerant. In this study, the development of floral buds are classified into 7 stages according to their length and morphology, and then subject to anatomy and paraffin section to study histochemical features and megasporogenesis. At stage 1,floral organs have developed, style is elongating rapidly and ovules arise sequentially from placenta. At stage 2, petals are visible but still covered by calyx. At stage 3,petals protrude through calyx,12-15 ovules are observed protruding from placenta on the same section. At stage 4,floral organs have fully developed,1/3 of petals in length protrude through calyx. Stage 5 is the initial stage of flower opening with 1/2 of petals protruding from calyx. At stage 6,pollen sacs opening, appeared petals are twice as long as calyx. At stage 7,flower open, anther dehiscence and pollination. From histochemical test, oils are found at the basal region of ovules and on the surface of placenta at stage 5.Polysaccharides are found to be more apparent in the inner layer of cells of ovary wall. Proteins distribute more densely on ovules and vascular bundle. Crystal sands deposited surrounding vascular bundles progressively with the development of flower bud.