不同時期除葉對檬果花序形成之影響

Effects of Leaf Removal Time on the Inflorescence Initiation Performance in Mango

陳盟松(Meng-Sung Chen) ； 林宗賢(Tzong-Shyan Lin) ； 楊雯如(Wen-Ju Yang)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 120期 (2013/09) Pp. 41-51

摘要

臺灣地區7～10月為愛文檬果抽梢與葉片發育時期，同時亦是颱風盛行季節，一旦有颱風侵襲檬果產區時，常導致檬果葉片大量掉落，影響翌年的花序形成。因此本研究在探討葉片數與花序形成之相關性。所有參試的枝條都是完全成熟的二次梢，以除葉及在離頂芽30至40公分處環狀剝皮來控制葉片數。2003年12月27日處理的實驗顯示所有參試組別（留存20、15、10、5及1片葉）翌年花序形成比率沒有顯著差異（皆高於75%）。考慮花序分化的時間點，2004年進一步的以10月9日、11月6日、11月20日與12月5日四個時間點進行處理（留存15、10、5及0片葉）。在留存0片葉中，11月20日前處理花序形成比率均為0%，其餘葉片數處理花序形成均為100%。在12月5日時，各種葉片數處理均可形成花序。2005年於10、11及12月中旬，各枝條分別留存10、5（二次梢）、5（一次梢）、3、1與0片葉，在玉井與枋山地區，除留存0片葉無法形成花序外，其餘葉片數處理有56～100%的花序形成比率。在芽體萌動後，隨葉片數減少，花序長度與品質有下降的趨勢。此外，在花序誘導期間枝條抽萌新梢，亦不利花序形成。連續三年的試驗結果顯示只要一片成熟的葉片足以促使愛文檬果形成花序，而且花序品質與葉片數有關。

關鍵字

檬果 ； 花序創始 ； 環狀剝皮 ； 除葉

並列摘要

The shoot flushing and leaf development of 'Irwin' mango are occurred from July to October in Taiwan. During this period of time shoots are often suffered from typhoon damage, which leads to defoliation and thus resulted in a decrease of inflorescence formation percentage of that year. Therefore, this study was to identify the relationship between leaf number and inflorescence formation in 'Irwin' mango. All the shoots selected were fully matured and flushed twice, and leaf number was controlled by removing leaves and girdling at the position about 30 to 40 cm away from the shoot apex. The result of the first experiment on Dec. 27, 2003, indicated that all the treatments with 20, 15, 10, 5, and 1 leaf retained showed no significant differences with over 75% retaintion rate of inflorescence formation in the next spring. The Advance experiment is to consern with the timing of floral initiation, therefore, four sets of similar experiment with 15, 10, 5, and 0 leaf retained treatments and to combine with the four timing treatments; i.e. Oct. 9, Nov. 6, Nov. 20, and Dec. 5 were conducted in 2004. The result shown in the leafless shoots treatmemnt had no any inflorescence formation observed while treated before Nov. 20, whereas those of other treatments were 100%. All leaf-retaining treatments treated on Dec. 5 showed 100% inflorescence formation. In experiment of Oct., Nov., and mid-December in 2005, the leaf-retaining treatments was focused on 10, 5 (in second flush), 5 (in first flush), 3, 1, or 0 leaves in which were conducted both at Fang-Shan and Yu-Jing. In the treatments of retaining 1 or more leaves, the inflorescence formation rate was 56-100%; whereas, 0% was observed in no leaf retained treatment. The length and quality of inflorescence tended to reduce with leaf number removed. Moreover, shoot flushing closed timing of inflorescence initiation were disadvantageous to inflorescence formation. Upon the continuous three years' study, the effect of leaf removal on inflorescence formation has been concluded that one matured leaf may sufficient for inflorescence initiation and the development and quality of inflorescence may depend on leaf number and shoot maturity.

並列關鍵字

mango ； inflorescence initiation ； girdling ； leaf removal