不同夜間電照光源對‘巨峰’葡萄新梢生育、著果率與品質之影響

Effect of Different Lighting Sources on Shoot Growth, Fruit Set and Quality of 'Kyoho' Grape (I)

葉文彬(Wen-Pin Yeh) ； 張致盛(Chin-Sheng Chang) ； 劉惠菱(Huie-Ling Liu) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 122期 (2014/03) Pp. 33-45

摘要

一年二收為臺灣葡萄主要生產模式，生產6~7月之夏果生育初期（1~2月）之低溫與短日，常導致新梢生長受到抑制或降低著果率。本試驗調查生育初期或開花期，利用不同電照處理促進新梢生長與提高著果率。試驗於2008年及2012年進行，2008年於竹山地區進行，結果顯示不同電照處理無法增加夏果生產萌芽率、平均花穗數或新梢長度；在冬果方面省電燈泡處理顯著增加新梢節數，水銀燈及省電燈泡分別可增加花穗長度8.7及7.8cm，但對果實品質影響不顯著。2012年於臺中區農業改良場進行夏果試驗，開花期電照處理與對照組比較，LED燈泡電照處理可增加新梢長度達2.5cm~20.3cm，省電燈泡可增加5.4cm~16.8cm，以LED及省電燈泡白色燈泡處理效果比黃色燈泡顯著，在花穗伸長部分影響不顯著。LED白色燈泡處理12小時比對照組可提高著果率48.4%，LED燈黃色燈泡與省電燈泡白、黃色同樣可提高著果率，因此果穗重較對照組增加23.5~67.2%，電照處理6小時即有效果，電照對葡萄品質可溶性固形物及酸度無顯著效果。

關鍵字

發光二極體 ； 省電燈泡 ； 開花期 ； 低溫

並列摘要

Two crops per year is the major model of grape production in Taiwan. The summer grape fruit production in June and July are often affected by low temperature and short day condition during early shoot growth period or blooming stage in January and February, which inhibit shoot growth and decrease subsequent fruit set. The effects of different lighting sources on shoot growth and fruit set were studied in 2008 and 2012. Results from Zhushan area in 2008 showed that different lighting sources did not increase bud bursting percentage, average of flower bunch number or shoot length of summer 'Kyoho' grape. Night lighting with energy efficient bulb increased shoot node numbers significantly, and treatment with mercury lamp and energy efficient bulb increased spike length by 8.7 and 7.8 cm, respectively. However, there was no significant effect on fruit quality of winter 'Kyoho' grape. Results from TDARES in 2012 showed that treatment with LEDs bulb increased shoot length from 2.5 to 20.3 cm, energy efficient bulb from 5.4 to 16.8 cm compared to control during blooming period. The result also showed that LED and energy efficient white bulbs could significantly increase shoot length than yellow bulbs but no effect on spikes elongation. All lighting treatments increased fruit set, especially treated with LEDs white bulb for 12 hours. Moreover, lighting treatments increased cluster weight by 23.5%-67.2% compared to control. There was no significant difference in berry quality such as total soluble solids and titrate acidity among different lighting sources.

並列關鍵字

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) ； energy efficient bulb ； blooming ； low temperature