小麥新品種台中35號之育成

Breeding of the New Wheat Variety, Taichung No. 35

林訓仕(Hsun-Shih Lin) ； 郭建志(Chien-Chih Kuo) ； 郭雅紋(Ya-Wen Kuo)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 138期 (2018/03) Pp. 53-61

摘要

因國人飲食習慣改變，小麥已成為水稻以外的另一主食，臺灣近年來平均每年需進口120~130萬公噸小麥，主要作為麵包、麵食及餅乾使用，然而國產小麥自給率僅千分之一，且全臺唯一廣泛栽培的小麥品種台中選2號命名迄今已逾30年，因此，為因應國內麵粉業者所需，本場自2010年陸續從國際玉米小麥改良中心引進各具不同特性之小麥品系於臺灣進行選拔，歷經品系觀察試驗、高級產量比較試驗及區域試驗，選育出新品種台中35號，並於2017年3月10日命名審查通過，其特色為低筋白麥品種，區域試驗每公頃平均產量4,389公斤，較台中選2號增產17%，具適合機械收穫、耐倒伏及白粉病抵抗性良好等優點。惟台中35號為低筋品種，氮肥施用量勿過高，施用時期勿過晚，以免因後期氮肥過多導致穀粒蛋白質含量提升，影響其低筋品種特性。

關鍵字

小麥 ； 低筋 ； 台中35號 ； 氮肥 ； 國際玉米小麥改良中心

並列摘要

Because of changing in diet and eating habit, wheat becomes a major staple food in Taiwan. In recent years, 1.2-1.3 million tons of wheat were imported and mainly used for making bread, cookies and noodles, local wheat production is only 1/1000 of imports. The most widely grown wheat variety in Taiwan is TCS 2, it has been introduced to farmers for more than 30 years. In order to meet the demand of local wheat milling companies, we introduced hundreds of wheat accessions with different characteristics from CIMMYT in 2010 and selected them in Taiwan. Taichung No. 35 (TC 35) was nominated in 2017 after passing lines observation, advanced yield comparsion and regional trials. TC 35 has many unique characteristics such as white wheat with low gluten, adapt to machine harvest, tolerance to lodging and resistant to powdery mildew tolerance, average yield was 4,389 kg ha^(-1 )which is 17% higher than the yield of TCS 2 in regional trial. Considering TC 35 is a low gluten variety, excessive nitrogen fertilizer which increases the grains protein content should be avoided, especially at the later growth stage.

並列關鍵字

wheat ； low gluten flour ； Taichung no. 35 ； nitrogen fertilizer ； CIMMYT