檳榔種子、檳榔素對福壽螺之防治評估及對鯉魚毒性

Evaluation of Areca catechu L. Nut and Arecoline against the Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck and Fish Toxicity to Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

廖君達(Chung-Ta Liao)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 141期 (2018/12) Pp. 21-30

摘要

本研究測試檳榔（Areca catechu L.）種子及檳榔素（Arecoline）對福壽螺（Pomacea canaliculata Larmark）的毒殺效果，並使用鯉魚（Cyprinus carpio L.）的幼魚來分析魚毒性。對福壽螺急性毒性試驗結果顯示，檳榔種子對於福壽螺96 hr的半致死濃度（LC_(50)）及95%致死濃度（LC_(95)）分別為88.24及163.76 mg/L，檳榔種子水粗萃取物的LC_(50)及LC_(95)分別為12.37及23.31 mg/L，檳榔素的LC_(50)及LC_(95)分別為0.17及0.52 mg/L。田間防治效果試驗結果，施用檳榔種子粉末16 kg/0.1 ha及檳榔素0.24 kg/0.1 ha，對福壽螺的防治率分別為91.8及96.8%。魚毒性分析結果，檳榔種子對鯉魚96 hr的30%致死濃度（LC_(30)）及LC_(50)分別為26.04及30.69mg/L，檳榔種子水粗萃取物的LC_(30)及LC_(50)分別為9.29及11.0 mg/L，檳榔素的LC_(30)及LC_(50)分別為25.73及30.49 mg/L。而且，經換算後的安全係數與其他殺螺劑進行比較，檳榔素有較高的安全係數，可能作為潛在的殺螺劑。

關鍵字

檳榔籽 ； 檳榔素 ； 福壽螺 ； 鯉魚 ； 毒性

並列摘要

In this study, the powder of betel nut (Areca catechu L.), crude water extract of betel nut and arecoline were used to test the acute toxicity of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck), field control efficiency, and the fish toxicity using young common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The half lethal concentration (LC_(50)) and 95% lethal concentration (LC_(95)) of the powder of betel nut in P. canaliculata were 88.24 mg/L and 163.76 mg/L, the LC_(50) and LC_(95) of the crude water extract of betel nut were 12.37 mg/L and 23.31 mg/L, and the LC_(50) and LC_(95) of arecoline were 0.17 mg/L and 0.52 mg/L at 96 hr post-treatment, respectively. Percentages of field control efficiency against snails of the betel nut powder (16 kg/0.1ha) and arecoline (0.24 kg/0.1ha) were 91.8 and 96.8%, respectively. The fish toxicity of the betel nut powder to common carp were 26.04 mg/L and 30.37 mg/L for LC_(30) and LC_(50), the LC_(30) and LC_(50) were 9.29 mg/L and 11.0 mg/L for water extract of betel nut, and 25.73 mg/L and 30.49 mg/L for arecoline at 96 hr post-treatment, respectively. The safety factors (LC_(30) of fish / LC_(95) of snail) were calculated and compared with the existing molluscicides and materials, arecoline with a higher safety factor could be a potential molluscicide against the snails.

並列關鍵字

Areca catechu ； arecoline ； Pomacea canaliculata ； Cyprinus carpio ； toxicity