四季蘭簡易設施栽培之蒸發散量與灌溉技術研究

The Study of Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Technique for Cymbidium Cultivation under High Tunnel Greenhouse

陳令錫(Ling-Hsi Chen) ； 張富翔(Fu-Hsiang Chang) ； 王茗慧(Ming-Hui Wang) ； 楊旻憲(Min-Hsien Yang) ； 洪惠娟(Hui-Chuan Hung)

《臺中區農業改良場研究彙報》 145期 (2019/12) Pp. 17-26

摘要

小花蕙蘭是臺灣外銷產值第三的蘭花，為配合小花蕙蘭帶介質外銷，於簡易設施內栽培之趨勢，本研究建立小花蕙蘭簡易設施栽培最適之灌溉技術，供產業實施參考。因太陽輻射（光度）是空氣溫度與相對濕度的主要影響因子，白天光度高、空氣溫度高、相對濕度低、蒸發散量大；夜晚光度為零，空氣溫度低、相對濕度高、蒸發散量小。單盆蕙蘭每天減重約7.5-10.3 g，此每天每盆蕙蘭蒸發散量數據可作為省工自動灌溉之基礎資訊，根據溫室內種植盆數與株數計算灌溉水量。經試驗結果顯示，蕙蘭盆栽重量變化之失水率與累積光積值呈高度相關；給水頻度影響小花蕙蘭生長，微噴灌或噴灌二種灌溉方式，皆以水分減少1/4時即予灌溉生長較佳，亦優於每週定時灌溉模式，可為推薦之給水頻度。

關鍵字

小花蕙蘭 ； 簡易設施栽培 ； 蒸發散量 ； 灌溉

並列摘要

Oriental Cymbidium is the third major export orchids, yet, most of them in Taiwan are cultivated under simple shade nets facility. To coordinate the trade of oriental cymbidium exportation with mediums, and cultivation in high tunnel plastic film houses, the auto-fertigation techniques are presented and assessed in this study. Solar radiation (light intensity) is the main influence factor of air temperature and relative humidity. The light intensity is high in daytime with high air temperature, low relative humidity and large amount of evapotranspiration. Nevertheless, the light intensity is zero at night with lower air temperature, higher relative humidity and lower amount of evapotranspiration. The loss of cymbidium pot water is highly correlated with accumulated light. The weight loss of Cymbidium pot is about 7.5-10.3 g/day/pot, and the data of the evapotranspiration volume of each pot of orchids per day can be used as the basic information for automatic irrigation. Consequently, the frequency of irrigation affects the growth of Cym. ensifolium 'Tie-gu-su-xin'. The effect of irrigation is better given at 1/4 water loss of medium than fixed-interval irrigation weekly with sprinkler or micro-irrigation method.

並列關鍵字

Cymbidium ； high tunnel ； evapotranspiration ； irrigation