苗栗地區水芋栽培土壤特性與施肥管理

Soil information and fertilization recommendation of taro in paddy field at Miaoli district

蔡正賢(Jeng-Hsien Tsai) ； 吳添益(Tian-Yih Wu)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 6期 (2017/12) Pp. 1-14

摘要

為建立苗栗區水芋合理施肥管理，進行水芋栽培區土壤資訊調查，並於2013～2015年春作水芋分別執行田間氮、氧化鉀、磷酐用量試驗，氮用量分為100、200、400及600kg ha^(-1)等4種處理，氧化鉀用量分為150、300、450及600 kg ha^(-1)等4種處理，磷酐用量分為0、100、200及300 kg ha^(-1)等4種用量與2種追肥處理(複因子試驗)。由作物分布與土壤調查資料顯示，苗栗地區水芋栽培區有64.3%屬於淺層土，97.7%的表土屬於中至粗質地，93.9%屬於排水不完全土壤。春作水芋栽培期間，氣溫及日射量的變化與生長趨勢大致符合，而施肥的成效受降雨量或水分管理影響較大，以定植後天數劃分水芋生育期，第一階段生長初期約種植後60天內，第二階段地上部生長旺盛期約為種植後150天內，第三階段球莖快速膨大期約種植後210天內，第四階段球莖成熟期則為種植後210天以後。結果顯示，氮用量對莖基寬度的影響在生長旺盛期較明顯，以600 kg ha^(-1)用量者產量較高；氧化鉀用量於球莖快速膨大期影響較明顯，以450及600 kg ha^(-1)用量才產量較高；磷酐用量於地上部生長旺盛期即有明顯影響，且其影響持續至球莖成熟期，以300 kg ha^(-1)用量者，產量較高，而是否分施則無顯著影響，綜合試驗結果，在追肥次數7～10次情形下，苗栗地區水芋三要素推薦量，氮為400～600 kg ha^(-1)，磷酐為200～300 kg ha^(-1)，氧化鉀為450～600 kg ha^(-1)。

關鍵字

土壤資訊 ； 水芋 ； 施肥推薦

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to establish wetland taro fertilizer recommendation based on soil information. The response of taro to various fertilizer application rates in field trials as 100,200,400 and 600 kg N ha^(-1)＂ at 2013, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg K_2O ha^(-1)＂ at 2014, and 0, 100,200 and 300 kg P_2O_5 at 2015, respectively. Soil information showed that 64.3% of taro cultivation field in Miaoli belong to shallow soil depths, 97.7% are medium to coarse soil textures, 93.9% are not completed drainage. Temperature and solar radiation correspond with the growth of taro. The rainfall or water management may greatly influence the fertilization effects. The growth periods could be divided to 4 stages base on days after planting, initial growth at 0-60 days, rapidly growth at 60-150 days, rapid corm bulking at 150-210 days, and corm maturing after 210 days. The results showed that the shoot widths responded to N application at rapidly growth stage. The application amount of 600 kg N ha＂ was the highest yield. The shoot widths responded to K_2O application at rapid corm bulking stage. The application amount of 450 and 600 kg K_2O ha^(-1)＂ had the highest yield. The shoot widths responded to P_2O_5 application from beginning of rapidly growth stage. The application amount of 300 kg P_2O_5 ha^(-1)＂ had the highest yield. For the proper yield and efficiency, 400-600 kg N ha＂, 450-600 kg K_2O ha^(-1)＂, and 200-300 kg P_2O_5 ha^(-1)＂ were recommended for paddy field taro in Miaoli area.

並列關鍵字

soil information ； taro in paddy field ； fertilizer recommendation