後蜂物質調控蜂群於網室胡瓜授粉之應用

Application of queen substance to control the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) pollination in plastic house

林孟均(Meng-Jin Lin) ； 盧美君(Mei-Chun Lu)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 6期 (2017/12) Pp. 56-69

摘要

網室胡瓜栽培應用意大利蜂授粉具有促進果實品質及減低生產成本的優點，惟授粉蜂群之管理及調控，為栽培成功與否之關鍵因素之一。後蜂物質為國外常用的蜂群穩定物質，普適應用於授粉蜂群，本試驗擬以網室胡瓜栽培模式，評估設施內授粉蜂群以後蜂物質取代蜂王應用於胡瓜授粉之可行性。調查蜂群的出巢或授粉行為，顯示不論蜂群中含蜂王或後蜂物質，其外勤蜂出動高峰均落在早上8～11時，其中早上10時左右每分鐘出勤蜂數介於7.3～8.0隻，為當日最高時段。蜂王組於訪花高峰期工峰，平均每次出勤可訪5.8～8.2朵胡瓜花；後蜂物質組單隻工蜂可訪4.8～8.2朵花後再歸巢，兩者無顯著差異。於每日8～11時紀錄單朵花訪花頻度，蜂王組平均每小時每朵花約有11～15隻工蜂造訪；後蜂物質組約有9～16隻工蜂造訪，兩處理間無差異。胡瓜果實品質調查顯示，蜂群授粉可降低38.6%畸果率，但果重、果長及果幅與人工授粉質者無顯著差異。綜合上述結果，後蜂物質組可取代蜂王作為一次性授粉利用之蜂群穩定物質，具有推廣運用之可行性。

關鍵字

後蜂物質 ； 意大利蜂 ； 授粉

並列摘要

Improving the quality of fruit and reducing the cost of cultivation are the advantages of honeybee pollination for cucumber production in the plastic house. However, the management and regulation of honeybee pollinator was the critical point for successful production. The queen substance was generally utilize to stabilize the honeybee pollinator in foreign countries The aim of this study was to evaluate the pollination efficiency of the queen substance (QS for colony stability instead of queen bee (QB) on cucumber production in the plastic house The peak of foraging activity was located at 08:00-11:00 in both treatments, which 7.3-8.0 bees per flower was recorded at AM10:00. The number of flowers which foraging visited were 5.8-8.2 and 4.8-8.2 flowers in QB and QS treatment, respectively. One flower was visited by 11-15 and 9-16 bees per hour in QB and QS treatment at AM 08:00-11:00. The fruit weight, length, and width of cucumber showed no difference between artificially and honeybee pollination. However, the misshapen fruit rate was significantly decreased 38 .6% upon honeybee pollinator. According to the result, the queen substance has the potential to replace the queen for colony stability as pollination unit in the future.

並列關鍵字

queen substance ； honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) ； pollination