灌溉量及氮肥施用量對草莓親株生長、走蔓增殖與水養分收支之影響

The effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of strawberry mother plants, the running stem propagation, and the balance of moisture and nutrient

吳添益(Wu, Tian-Yih) ； 蔡正賢(Jeng-Hsien Tsai)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 8期 (2019/12) Pp. 1-19

摘要

本文探討灌溉量（日平均灌溉量9.3、12.5及15.9 mm）及氮肥用量（100、200、400及800 kg/ha）對香水草莓親株生長、走蔓增殖與水養分收支之影響。試驗結果得知，滲漏水比依灌溉量低、中及高依序為5.9、32.4及41.3 %，排氮量依灌溉量低、中及高依序為184.0、285.8及437.5 kg/ha。在高氮（800 kg/ha）區各灌溉組都可達每棵親株誘殖子苗數40～50棵的評估基準，低氮（200 kg/ha）區，僅中灌溉組（12.5 mm）有43.7棵／親株，亦可達到此基準，走蔓數及生質量統計上無差異。在低灌溉量時，親株出現芯燒，其比率隨氮肥用量增加而由25%提高到100%。高灌溉量時，其滲漏水和排氮量均最高，有污染與浪費之虞。綜合本試驗結果，草莓親株生長與走蔓增殖期間，推薦以200 kg/ha的低氮肥用量，並配合每日12.5 mm的中灌溉量。

關鍵字

灌溉量 ； 氮肥量 ； 走蔓 ； 子苗 ； 草莓

並列摘要

The effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of strawberry mother plants, the running stem propagation, and the nutrient balance of medium were examined in this study. The water percolation ratio was 5.9 % at low irrigation, 32.6 % at medium irrigation and 41.3 % at high irrigation, respectively. The nitrogen drainage loss was 184.0 kg/ha at low irrigation, 285.8 kg/ha at medium irrigation and 437.5 kg/ha at high irrigation, respectively. At the high nitrogen fertilization area (800 kg/ha), all three irrigation treatments could satisfy the basic requirement of 40-50 seedlings. At the low nitrogen fertilization area (200 kg/ha), only medium irrigation treatments could satisfy this requirement of 43.7 seedlings. The number of running stem and the seedling biomass had no significant differences. The tip-burn occurrence increased with nitrogen application at low irrigation. Excessively water and nitrogen drainage loss occurred at high irrigation. During mother plant growth and propagation of running stem, the nitrogen application of 200 kg/ha and medium irrigation amount of 12.5 mm was recommended.

並列關鍵字

irrigation ； nitrogen fertilization ； running stem ； seedlings ； strawberry