草蛉導入洋香瓜綜合病蟲害防治之研究

Introducing lacewing to orient melon integrated pest management

陳泓如(Chen, Hung-Ju) ； 趙語矜(Yu-Chin Chao)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 9期 (2020/06) Pp. 58-66

摘要

洋香瓜是臺灣重要的高經濟價值水果，但農藥檢出率高達73.5%。近年來食安問題的關注度日益提升，因此農友急需其他調整的病蟲害管理方法，以降低農藥殘留風險。生物防治應用於蔬果栽培在歐美已推廣多年，近年來國內也有生物防治公司投入天敵昆蟲商品開發。有諸多研究報告證實天敵昆蟲的防治成效，但由於價格及使用方法的複雜度，常造成農民卻步或使用成效不彰。本研究調整天敵昆蟲的釋放策略，針對溫室洋香瓜的主要害蟲―蚜蟲及粉蝨，挑選捕食性天敵―基徵草蛉作為試驗標的，並隨著植株生長調整草蛉釋放量，而非害蟲族群增長再追加釋放量，以控制溫室內害蟲族群。本試驗於洋香瓜種植期，每株平均釋放20隻草蛉，成本估算約為每分地每期作8,000元新臺幣，在此釋放方法下，蚜蟲沒有在本試驗溫室內建立族群，而粉蝨雖然在草蛉處理組有少量族群建立，但族群密度僅約對照組的1成，具有良好的管理成效。

關鍵字

草蛉 ； 洋香瓜 ； 生物防治 ； 綜合病蟲害管理

並列摘要

Orient melon is one of the high-value agriculture commodity in Taiwan but the residue detection rate is about 73.5%. Recently, public concern of food safety become more and more important, therefore, farmers need to find out a better pest management strategy to decrease the risk of pesticide residue. Biological control has been applied in Europe and USA for decades and there also have some biological company in Taiwan supplying some natural enemy products. There are several research reports showed the efficiency of biological control but the high price and duplicate application process might decrease farmers' will. In this report, we adjust the application strategy of natural enemy. Using generalist predator-lacewing (Mallada basalis (walker)) to control two main pest- aphid and whitefly of greenhouse melon and adjusting the releasing amount based on the crop growth stage. In this experiment, the average cost of pest control is about 80,000 NTD per hectare. By this strategy, we find out none aphid population estabkshed with very little whitefly population in lacewing release treatment greenhouse till melon ripening stage. This way shows an affordable and effective biological control of greenhouse melon.

並列關鍵字

lacewing ； orient melon ； biological control ； IPM