苗栗地區稻熱病抗性品種篩選與防治效益評估

Selection of rice blast resistant varieties and evaluation of control benefits in Miaoli

黃玟菁(Wen-Ching Huang) ； 林盈宏(Ying-Hong Lin) ； 鄭哲皓(Che-Hao Cheng) ； 林鈺荏(Yu-Ren Lin) ； 朱盛祺(Sheng-Chi Chu)

《苗栗區農業改良場研究彙報》 10期 (2021/07) Pp. 15-32

摘要

監測27種水稻商業品種稻熱病罹病率，綜合2015～2020年苗栗地區監測結果，葉稻熱病罹病率較高的品種有越光、臺南16號及臺南11號等；葉稻熱病罹病率較低的品種則有臺中秈10號、臺中秈17號及臺稉糯1號。穗稻熱病商業品種以越光罹病率最高，2019年其罹病率高達91.6％；穗稻熱病商業品種間較低的品種有臺中秈10號、臺中秈17號及臺中192號。綜合6個年度於全臺7個農業改良場轄區內設置監測田，以27個水稻品種進行田間稻熱病即時監測之結果，建議越光、臺稉8號、臺稉11號、臺稉14號、臺稉16號、桃園3號、臺南11號、高雄139號、花蓮21號等，避免於同一地區大面積種植。近年來發現稻熱病推薦藥劑防治效果，會因各地區而有所差異，各區農業改良場使用各地區稻熱菌進行推薦藥劑敏感性測試，以苗栗地區稻熱病分離株為例，在菌絲抑制效果方面以25％撲克拉水基乳劑、25％克熱淨溶液、43％嘉賜貝芬水懸劑效果最顯著；抑制孢子萌芽適以33％鋅錳乃浦水懸劑、25％撲克拉水基乳劑及50％護粒松乳劑效果最佳，可推薦農友參考使用。

關鍵字

稻熱病 ； 水稻品種 ； 防治效益

並列摘要

The incidence of rice blast in 27 commercial rice varieties are understudying. In Miaoli, from 2015 to 2020, the varieties with a higher incidence of leaf rice blast include Koshihikari, Tainan No. 16, and Tainan No. 11; however, others are in a lower incidence of this disease. The varieties including Taichung Indica No. 10, Taichung Indica No. 17, and Tai Geng Nuo No. 1. Koshihikari has the highest incidence rate among commercial varieties of ear rice blast, which reached 91.6% in 2019; the lower commercial varieties of ear rice blast include Taichung Indica No. 10, Taichung Indica No. 17, and Taichung No. 192. The testing data of rice blast incidence collected from seven agricultural improvement farms across Taiwan in 6 years, using 25 rice varieties, suggested that avoid large‐scale cultivating these varieties, including Taigen 8, Taigen 11, Taigen 14 and Taijing No. 16, Taoyuan No. 3, Tainan No. 11, Kaohsiung No. 139, and Hualien No. 21 in the same area. Researchers recently found that the effect of recommended pesticides for controlling rice blasts varied from region to region. Therefore, the research team uses rice blast fungus from each region to conduct the recommended pesticide sensitivity test. In Miaoli, for example, the most significant effect on inhibiting rice blasts is by using Prochloraz 25% EW, Iminoctadine 25% SL, and Kasugamycin + Carbendazim 43% SC. We recommend that Mancozeb 33% SC and Prochloraz 25% EW and Edifenphos 50% EW can receive the best result to inhibit spore germination. Monitoring the incidence of 27 kinds of rice blast in commercial rice varieties. Based on the monitoring results in Miaoli from 2015 to 2020, the varieties with higher incidence of leaf rice blast include Koshihikari, Tainan No. 16 and Tainan No. 11; the incidence of leaf rice blast is lower The varieties include Taichung Indica No. 10, Taichung Indica No. 17 and Tai Geng Nuo No. 1. Koshihikari has the highest incidence rate among commercial varieties of ear rice blast, which reached 91.6% in 2019; the lower commercial varieties of ear rice blast include Taichung Indica No. 10, Taichung Indica No. 17 and Taichung No. 192. Based on the results of setting up monitoring fields in the jurisdiction of 7 agricultural improvement farms across Taiwan in 6 years, using 25 rice varieties to conduct field rice blast monitoring results, it is recommended that Taigen 8, Taigen 11, Taigen 14 and Taijing No. 16, Taoyuan No. 3, Tainan No. 11, Kaohsiung No. 139, Hualien No. 21, etc., avoid large-scale planting in the same area. In recent years, it has been found that the effectiveness of the recommended pesticide control for rice blast will vary from region to region. The agricultural improvement farms in each district use the rice blast fungus from each region to conduct the recommended pesticide sensitivity test. Take rice blast isolates in Miaoli as an example. In terms of inhibitory effect, Prochloraz 25% EW, Iminoctadine 25% SL, and Kasugamycin + Carbendazim 43% SC have the most significant effect; to inhibit spore germination, Mancozeb 33% SC and Prochloraz 25% EW and Edifenphos 50% EW has the best effect, and it can be recommended to farmers for reference.

並列關鍵字

rice blast ； rice varieties ； control benefits