摘要
聆聽緩和的音樂可以使人放鬆心情，而激昂的音樂則能振奮人心。運動場上常常看到運動愛好者戴著耳機聆聽音樂進行慢跑運動，運動員也常在熱身時帶著耳機聆聽音樂，一邊為比賽做著準備。在日常生活上音樂可以做為心情的調適劑，在醫療上也已經證實音樂具有療癒復健的作用，近年來則有研究發現，音樂運用於運動上會影響運動員的生心理狀態。本文蒐集團內、外音樂與運動相關之研究，透過文獻資料的整理及分析，探討音樂情境、節奏及種類等屬性介入運動的時機對研究參與者的身心影響。相關議題的研究資料在進行匯整分析後發現，目前大部分研究音樂的介入時機以運動前及運動中為多數，音樂及無音樂情境針對不同運動項目的實驗設計中，國外學者常用的測量方法為腳踏車、跑步等，測試的項目則有心跳率、輸出功率、RPE及心理層面等指標；反之國內研究者多以量表型態調查運動前聆聽音樂對參與者焦慮、情緒等心理狀態影響程度，較少以實驗設計方式進行探究；在節奏音樂方面，國外研究發現，以快節奏音樂可使參與者步頻加速並提升運動能力，慢節奏則使身體機能下降，而同步音樂中進行運動，可以降低身體的不適感；國內文獻也提出，同步音樂可提升運動表現；而其他音樂的研究中主要以偏好音樂與歌詞音樂為主題，運動中選擇偏好音樂可以增加運動表現，但聆聽歌詞音樂則沒有帶來正向的效益。
並列摘要
Listening to the relaxation music can make people relaxed; the passionate music can also be inspiring. It is quite often that athletes and exercisers listening to the music before and after competitions and during exercise. Especially, athletes usually used music to settle their mind or speed their warm-up process. Recent studies have found that music could affect participants' mental state during and after physiological testing. Music can also release people's stress in daily life with therapeutically effects. This review article was intended to recruit relevant literatures and to see the music effects in sport and exercise on psychological and physical domain. Results revealed most intervention studies introduced music before or during exercise of experiments. Foreign studies normally used stationary bike and treadmill to measure heat rate, output power, RPE and mental aspects. Domestic studies focused on participates' anxiety, emotion and mental state by questionnaires and lacking of experimental study. Studies revealed faster rhythm music increased pace and physical performance except for lyrics music. The intervention study design included different timing, rhythm and lyrics showed varied effects on mood, RPE and physiological responds before, during and after vary study designs. It is needed for future study to have more attention on the music effects on recovery period after exercise.
延伸閱讀
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