簡易溫室環境對葡萄生育之影響

The Influence of Simple Facility Environment on Growth of Grapevine

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 23號 (1991/05) Pp. 193-211

摘要

臺灣葡萄設施栽培，目前採用冬果延後或夏果提早兩種模式。目前的設施葡萄園都是採用塑膠布簡易溫度，晝間溫度經常超過生育適溫，寒流期間室內無法維持必要的生育臨界低溫，且日夜溫差較露地之變化大；室內的濕度常呈過乾或過濕的劇烈變化；而塑膠布的結露現象及過高遮光率，使光量不足；常使葡萄枝葉及果實遭受嚴重寒害，或因光照不足而生育不良。冬果延後設施栽培之葡萄，開花前之枝長及葉數與正常冬果並無顯著差異；新梢花穗數較露地多，但穗長及著粒數則無差異；結果後，枝條再生長率高，枝條生長時期較長且結果枝較長，木質化程度增加；收穫之果實穗重略低於一般冬果，但果粒重、糖度、酸度則均高於一般露地栽培。夏果提早設施栽培之葡萄，開花前之新梢生長比正常夏果約短1/3，葉數、七節長、葉面積及葉色等各項生育均較露地栽培差。花穗數較露地減少約一半，花穗長度則也較正常夏果短；果實生長後期，大部份結果枝不再生長，成熟期之果穗重及果粒重小於正常夏果，糖度比夏果低，但酸度高。

並列摘要

There are two cultural models being used in facilitated culture of grape in Taiwan, namely delayed winter cropping and advancing summer cropping. These facilities are simply a housed frame covered with PE or PVC films. It gathered too much heat during sunny days, but it can not sustain enough temperature for the minimal growth demand in the cold days. Nevertheless, the daily fluctuation of humidity in the house as well as the dew-forming and light-shadding effects of the covering films minimized the radiation. Therefore, the shoot and fruit growth sufferred great damange due to these unfavorable conditions. The shoot growth of the delayed winter grapes was similar with the normal winter grapes, the number of flower bunch was slightly more than the latter whereas the bunch length and fruit-set had no difference. After fruit-set, the rate of shoot re-growing was high and it lasted for a longer period, so the shoot was longer and lignification was higher. The weight of bunces harvested were slightly lighter, but the berry weight, sugar contents and acidity were higher, comparing to the winter grapes grown in open field. The shoots of the advancing summer grape were shorter than the normal summer grape, and the leaf number, 7-node-length, leaf area and color were worse. The number of flower bunch was about half of the normal grape, and the bunch length was shotter. Most of the shoots ceased to grow in the latter period of fruit growth, consequently, the matured grapes had smaller bunches and berries, lower sugar contents as well as higher acidity.