枇杷之結果枝性狀與花芽分化

The Characteristic of Fruit Shoots and Flower-bud Initiation of Loquat

張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 34號 (1994/06) Pp. 37-49

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199406.0003

摘要

枇杷之結果枝可分為中心枝、果痕枝及側枝（副枝）等三種。中心枝為上年度未結果枝或在春季果實生長期萌發之生育枝，其生長勢強，枝莖及葉片較大、葉片數多，花芽形成期稍晚，成熟期果粒大品質較佳。但其生長勢稍強，若施肥過量或遇到夏秋季多雨之年，枝梢容易徒長，不易形成花芽。一般在花芽分化前將徒長枝剪除，生育強枝誘引（拉枝）成水平狀，或以其他抑制方法處理，使其在8~9月間停心及形成花芽，否則將錯失花芽形成期而影響花穗率。果實採收後，自果穗基部剪口萌發多數腋芽，留1枝新梢生梢後之枝條，一般稱之為果痕枝，其生長勢較中心枝弱，在4~8月間的生育期經適當地調節生長勢，到花芽分化期之葉片數可達到20葉以上，葉片大、節間短、近似中心枝之優點，其花芽形成率高，花期較集中，花穗大、花粒數多，果實發育良好、果實大、糖度高，目前大部份採用其作為結果枝。春夏季生長旺盛期，自強勢生育枝的腋芽留一枝副梢，其生長勢超越中心枝而快速生長，雖可緩和中心枝的生長，同時有助於中心枝的花芽形成，但側枝之枝條細、節間長、葉片小，枝條充實度差，花芽形成期較果痕枝晚，著果後之果粒小、糖度低、品質差，寒流期間容易受到霜害。目前除做為擴大樹冠之用外，很少利用側枝為結果枝。

並列摘要

The fruiting shoots of loquat could classify into three kinds: central shoot, fruit scar shoot and side shoot. The central shoot is developed from unbearing shoots of last year or from the spring shoot having vigorous growth rate, larger stem and leaf, late flower-bud initation stage, lager fruit and better quality. Due to the vigorous growth rate of central shoot, if it encounter over-application of fertilizer or heavy rain fall in summer, the shoot will outgrow and have few flower buds. The water shoot is ofter removed before flower-bud initiation stage. The strong shoot is trained in horizontal form or spray growth retardant to inhibit shoot growth on August-September. The fruit scar shoot is developed from the fruit cluster base after harvest, have less vigor than central shoot. If the fruit scar shoot is under proper management at April to October, it can bear larger flower cluster, have high flower bud formation rate, larger fruit size, higher sugar content fruit. The fruit scar shoot is the major bearing shoot in loquat production. At spring season, the axillary shoot is grow from strong shoot, sometimes is surpass the central shoot. The axillary shoot have longer internode, smaller leaves, thinner stem, it is not sitable for bearing fruits.