植物生長調節劑與營養劑在枇杷栽培上之應用

Application of Plant Growth Regulators and Liquid Nutrients in Loquat Production

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 34號 (1994/06) Pp. 73-88

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199406.0006

摘要

枇杷原為高大常綠喬木性果樹，台灣枇杷栽培為便於田間管理及避免颱風災害，採用矮化整枝栽培，致使枝條生長旺盛，並誘發不定芽及腋芽的生長，果農需以人力摘除，耗費甚多勞力。且在夏季高溫多濕的環境下，容易造成新梢生長過盛，入秋之後無法形成花芽，果農為求穩定花芽形成率或促進果實肥大，多數未按正規果園管理方法，卻信賴農藥商或肥料商的宣傳，過量使用高價位之肥料或植物生長調節劑。雖有助於穩定花芽形成率及促進果粒肥大，但增加成本，且在使用不當時將導致藥害，造成樹勢生育不平衡、生產力減退、果實外觀不整齊及品質差等問題。枇杷生長期間適當使用植物生長調節劑或營養劑，具有調節新梢生育及促進果實肥大與品質的作用，並可減少田間管理作業勞力。果實採收後至花芽分化前，新梢上之腋芽生長次數在四次以上，每次必須以人工除去腋芽才能使新梢正常生長，在目前農村勞力缺乏下，常因人力不足，無法適時除芽而影響新梢生長。根據試驗資料，在腋芽生長初期噴施Embark-2S或MH-30兩種生長調節劑，其抑制效果隨藥劑濃度及施藥次數增加而顯著提升。夏季高溫多濕期間枝梢生育旺盛，不利於花芽形成，噴施第一磷酸鈣或NAA可抑制枝條生長，提高花芽形成率。花穗生長期噴施250ppm之GA，可產生無籽枇杷並增長花穗及著果率，但無籽果之果形小、產量低；在盛花期施濃度25ppm以上之NAA容易引起落花或形成無籽果。盛花前後及幼果期噴施含cytokinins類之營養劑，可提高著果率並有促進果實肥大的效果。

並列摘要

The dwarf form of loquat tree is the most popular cultural system of loquat production in Taiwan. But, this training method could induce many axillary buds occurrence, and the thinning of bud is very labor consuming. The over-application of fertilizers even worsen this situation. Proper application of plant growth regulator and nutrient could adjust the shoot growth, enhance the enlargement of fruit, improve fruit quality, reduce labor cost etc. After fruit harvest and before flower-bud initiation, the bud on new shoot grow continuously, the removal of those axillary buds are labor intensive, incomplete removal of those buds would affect the growth of new shoots. The experiment results indicated that sprayed Embark-25 or MH-30 at the beginning stage of axillary bud development, could remove those bud. The inhibitory effect is increased by chemical concentration and application times. During the summer raining season, shoot grow vigorously and not favor for flower-bud formation, spray first calcium phosphate or NAA to inhibit shoot growth and thus increase flower-bud formation. At flower cluster growth stage, spray GA 250ppm could produce seedless loquat, over 25ppm could induce flower dropping and seedless fruit. At full blooming and young fruit stages, apply cytokinin-containing nutrients to increase rate of fruit setting and enhance fruit enlargement.