栽培資材及植物生長阻礙劑紓解新世紀梨高溫逆境之可行性

Studies on the Alleviation of Supraoptimal Temperture Stress of Shinseiki Pear Trees via Media, Shading and Growth Retardants

林信山(Hsin-Shan Lin) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang) ； 林金和(Chin-Ho Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 33號 (1994/06) Pp. 167-178

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199406.0016

摘要

梨是台灣中部低海拔重要果樹產業之一，其周年生長中，如何避免盛夏期間之高溫障礙為成功栽培之要點。本試驗即以1年生袋植新世紀梨為材料，探討栽培資材及植物生長阻礙劑用以紓解高溫逆境之可行性。試驗結果顯示壤土、泥炭土、樹皮堆肥三者及其每2種各半量組合成之3種介質等共6種介質之物理性質及溫度變化，以50%樹皮堆肥加50%泥炭土組合成之介質，裝於不織布袋內，在夏季的溫度較低，種植於其內之新世紀梨，若配合25%遮光，可降低葉面溫度2℃，越夏後主幹橫截面增加量最多，達180mm^2。以paclobutrazol、Kim 112及電石浸出液等3種生長阻礙劑處理新世紀梨後，抑制株高增加之效果以paclobutrazol最為顯著，Kim 112在施藥30日後方表現效果；3種生長阻礙劑均顯著的促進側芽之生長；施藥後葉片中葉綠素之含量，由高至低依次為paclobutrazol、Kim 112、電石浸出液及對照處理，其間差異極顯著；樹幹橫截面之增加量，亦以paclobutrazol處理最大，其次為電石浸出液處理，Kim 112處理與對照組間無顯著差異。這些結果顯示改良栽培介質、遮光及使用生長阻礙劑均有助於新世紀梨在高溫期間之正常生長。

關鍵字

梨 ； 介質 ； 遮光 ； 溫度 ； 電石

並列摘要

Supraoptimal temperature in summer is one of the major bottle-necks of cultivation of high chilling Oriental pears in warm area. In an attempt to grow high chilling pears at Taiwan's lowland, the studies by using one-year old container-grown Shinseiki pear trees (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) as materials were designed to evaluate the availability of media, shading and plant growth retardants related to it. The results showed that the temperature of media was affected significantly by the composition of media and containers. The fluctuation of temperature of media prepared by peat and bark compost (1:1 on volume basis) had the lowest temperature among 6 kinds of tested media. Shading treatment also reduced the temperature both of the media and leaf surface. The treatment of 25% shading reduced temperature by more than 2℃ which compared to the control. In the combination of white nonwoven bag, peat plus bark compost as media, drip irrigation and 25% shading during summer, the net increment of trunk cross section area of Shinsekik pear was 180 cm^2 from July to September. Three plant growth retardants: paclobutrazol, Kim 112 and calcium carbide had various effectiveness in inhibiting excessive vegetative growth. Paclobutrazol effectively inhibit the plant height, and Kim 112 showed its effect at 30 days after treatment. As compared to the control, all retardants showed significant effect in promoting the development of lateral buds and increase the chlorophyll content in the order of paclobutrazol, Kim 112 and calcium carbide. Both paclobutrazol and calcium carbide treatment showed better effect in increasing trunk cross sectional area than the treatment of Kim 112 and control. These results suggested that media, shading and growth retardants could be utilized to meet the management purpose of pear trees in warm area.

並列關鍵字

pear ； media ； shading ； temperature ； calcium carbide ； paclobutrazol ； Kim 112