以生化及組織化學方法預測橫山梨之萌芽期

Using Biochemical and Histochemical Methods to Predict the Budbreak Date of Hengshan Pear

林信山(Hsin-Shan Lin) ； 林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 38號 (1997/06) Pp. 197-207

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199706.0004

摘要

本省中部中低海拔地區之高接梨產業，是一種獨特的栽培方法，產值很高。高接作業的適當時機是每年的一月間，但果農為了早高接早收穫可賣到好價錢，所以都盡量提早高接之作業日期，結果因砧樹橫山梨未完全脫離休眠，尚未恢復生長，致影響高接梨果實之生長至鉅。因此，若能建立預測萌芽期之指標，在橫山梨萌芽前至少25日就能預測萌芽日期，供判斷高接適期，必將極有應用價值。本試驗以台中區農業改良場梨園中之5年生橫山梨（”Pyrus serotina” Rehd. cv. Hengshan）8株供試，連續3年於預期萌芽期之前後取樣枝條，分析比重、澱粉含量、去氫酶活性等之時序變化，並進行碘液呈色之組織化學觀察的結果，顯示枝條比種及澱粉含量均在橫山梨萌芽前一個月有一高峰值，然後呈現下降的趨勢；碘液呈色反應顯示枝條切面之褐色隨著澱粉含量之遞減而漸淡。這三項參數的一致性變化，及其高峰值出現的時機，導引建立以枝條比重及碘液呈色之時序變化為指標，來預測橫山梨萌芽期的可能性。去氫酶活性在萌芽前約一週出現較高峰值的現象，可做為橫山梨恢復生長的佐證。

關鍵字

梨 ； 澱粉 ； 碘液呈色 ； 去氫酶 ； 比重 ； 預測 ； 萌芽

並列摘要

Grafting a chilled floral bud from a high chilling cultivar onto the water shoot of a low chilling cultivar grown in the lowlands in a unique cultural practice in pear production in central Taiwan's lowlands, and it is a large profitable industry. Usually, the optimum period for grafting is in January. However, due to the market demand and the high price of earlier fruit, some growers try to graft as earlier as possible. Most of these earlier grafting practices have had bad results because the stock of Hengshan (”Pyrus serotina” Rehd.) trees did not resume growth thoroughly. In order to solve the problem, this experiment was conducted to create a feasible index of bud breaking one month early. Eight five-year-old Hengshan pear trees grown at Taichung DAIS were sampled through three consecutive years from December, 1993 to March, 1996. The specific gravity, starch content, and dehydrogenase activity of the current year shoots were analyzed, and dehydrogenase activity of the current year shoots were analyzed, and histochemical observations using iodine/potassium iodide stain were made. The results revealed peaks in specific gravity and starch content around one month before bud break, and then they decreased. Using the stain of iodine/potassium iodide, a positive relationship was found between starch content and brown color. The similar patterns and the timing of these three parameters indicated that feasibile indices can be used to predict the bud break date. The approach was based on the date of appearance of the highest specific gravity and the deepest brown of branch section. In addition, higher activity of dehydrogenase was detected just one week before bud break. Which provided side evidence of bud breaking.

並列關鍵字

pear ； starch ； iodine/potassium iodide ； stain ； dehydrogenase ； specific gravity ； predict ； budbreak