吸水預措時機對菊花切花品質之影響

Relationship of Timing of Re-hydration and Qualtiy of Cut Chrysanthemum

許謙信(Chian-Shinn Sheu)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 40號 (1998/08) Pp. 215-222

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199808.0005

摘要

目前菊花農民剪花後常以稻草包覆擱置於陰涼處，待剪花告一段落，集中載回家中，再行除葉、分級、捆把，才行吸水。此操作方式易造成品質損失。本試驗針對菊花切花剪取後，陰置失水至吸水預措間之間隔對品質之影響作一探討。菊花黃秀芳品種切花自田間採收，經秤重後隨即插入水中，或將之置於陰涼處2、4、6小時後才插入水中，吸水時間皆為4小時，調查不同採收後處理過程對切花失重及吸水後增重與蒸散量等之結果，並探討其對切花品質及瓶插壽命之影響。菊花之切花失水量因陰置時間之延長增加。以陰置6小時失水達3.36%為最多。插水後第一小時之切花增重變化，依直接插水，陰置2、4、6小時處理各組之順序分別為0.42、3.14、1.95、及2.20%。插水後4小時，切花增重依序為3.24、4.94、3.72及4.37%。直接插水處理之蒸散率，較陰置處理各組高，此種現象持續至日後19天之瓶插壽命觀察試驗。各處理模裝箱包裝及運銷過程，依上述次序，插水後19日之葉片黃化數依序為0、14.1、10.2、及6.3，各組間有顯著差異。花朵直徑則依序為9.07、9.44、9.66及9.03。切花瓶插壽命依序為大於19日，10.9、12.2及16.7日。菊花採收後至吸水預措間之陰置時間長短對品質有顯著影響，插水時機會影響切花增重、蒸散量及品質，尤以葉片黃化現象差異甚大。採收後直接插水者有最佳之切花品質及壽命。

並列摘要

Post-harvest of cut chrysanthemum in Taiwan was a matter of concern for export or local flower markets. In general, cut flowers that were harvested from field were put in a shading condition several hours before re-hydration. Results of this experiment discussed the effect of timing of re-hydration on qualities of chrysanthemum cut flowers. Cut chrysanthemums (cv. Yellow Shou-Farn) were cut from field and then were treated to re-hydrate in 10 mins, or put in a shading condition 2, 4, or 6 hrs, and then had bee rehydrated. Flowers of all four treatments were re-hydrated in dist. water 4hrs. Increasing weight and transpiration of cut flowers were investigated. Water loss of cut chrysanthemums were 1.75, 2.10, and 3.36% after 2, 4, and 6hrs, in a shading condition, respectively. Increasing weight of flowers that were rehydvated in 10 mins, and 2, 4, 6, hrs. shading treatments were 0.42, 3.14, 1.95 and 2.20% in first hour. After 4 hrs. water absorbtion, weight of flowers were increased 3.24, 4.94, 3.72 and 4.37%. Transpiration of flowers that were re-hydrated in 10 mins, was higher than the other three treatments. This phenomenon was also observed till 19th day continuously. Flowers of each treatment were packaged, After a 4 hrs. re-hydration treatment, then boxed and laid overnight as usual marketing process. Vase life of rehydration is 10 min was over 19 days. Vase life were 10.9, 12.2, and 16.7 days of 2, 4, and 6 hrs, in the shading treatments. Number of chlorosis leaves were 0, 14.1, 10.2, and 6.3, and flower's diameter were 9.07, 9.44, 9.69, and 9.03 cm on 19th day, respectively. Qualities of cut chrysanthemums were affected by timing of rehydration, especially the chlorosis of leaves. Transpiration rate was a factor related this phenomenon. It was the best that flowers re-hydrated immediately after cut from field.