葡萄病害整合性管理技術

Integrated Techniques for Grape Disease Management

黃秀華(Shiou-Hwa Huang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 67號 (2004/04) Pp. 127-153

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200404.0009

摘要

葡萄為本省重要經濟果樹之一，初估種植面積已達三千五百公頃。葡萄主要產地在本省中部地區為彰化縣（48%）、台中縣（26%）、南投縣（13%）以及苗栗縣（12%）等地，目前葡萄的生產模式主要為一年二期作，第一期作期間為每年的二月至七月底，稱為夏果。第二期作為七月底至隔年的一月，稱為冬果。另外在南投水里及信義地區，有些農民產期為每年的四月至十月。彰化縣溪湖地區葡萄農為調節產期，種植溫室葡萄，栽培期為每年十二月至隔年的四至五月間。本省地處亞熱帶地區，高溫高濕，非常適合病害的發生，在葡萄栽培期間有很多病害的發生，經調查本省葡萄的主要病害為房枯病、晚腐病、白腐病、黑痘病、苦腐病、銹病、白粉病以及露菌病，另外依筆者這幾年的調查，不管在台中東勢、新社、石崗，彰化大村、溪湖或南投水里、信義等地的一期作、二期作、三期作或溫室葡萄，這些病害發生的時期以及順序，非常規律，因此在防治上，掌握葡萄生育時期及各種病害發生的時期，用綜合管理方式配合田間管理以及選擇適當的防治藥劑，就能有效在葡萄生育期間達到防治病害的目的。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 病害 ； 整合性管理

並列摘要

Grape is one of important economical fruit trees in Taiwan. So far, the cultivation area of grape has been planted about three thousand and five hundred hectares mainly in Chunghua county, Taichung county, Natou county and Mawli county in Taiwan, and the distribution ratio for each county is about 48%, 26%, 13% and 12%, respectively. According to the harvesting stage, there are two major growth seasons of viticulture in Taiwan. The first season is called ”summer fruits” which is from February to July. The second season of viticulture is called ”winter fruit” which grows from August to next January. However, some growth season of viticulture in location of higher elevation and in greenhouse, is from April to October and December to next April, respectively. There are several diseases of grape that occur in different seasons of grape growth due to the higher temperature and relative humidity in Taiwan. The common and severe diseases of grape in Taiwan are bunch rot, ripe rot, white rot, bird's eye rot, bitter rot, rust, powdery mildew and downy mildew during the growth seasons. According to our investigations, these important diseases of grape may occure a few different in each cultivation area, but the diseases usually appear in order and regularly around the year. Consequently, application of integrated management of grape disease, such as fungicide use, bagging, and stringent clearance of field during growth season and dormant period, could be effectively reached and adopted by growers in different cultivation areas through the realization of disease pattern and the chronology of grape.

並列關鍵字

Grape, Disease ； Integrated management ； Control