葡萄主要害蟲之生態及其綜合管理

The Ecology and Integrated Management of Insects and other Animal Pests on Grapevine

章加寶(Chia-Pao Chang)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 67號 (2004/04) Pp. 155-168

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200404.0010

摘要

葡萄為臺灣重要果樹之一，害蟲及有害動物種類繁多，本報告就田間發現之害蟲及其他有害動物加以記述。就已調查資料中顯示為害葡萄，且較為嚴重之害蟲種類為咖啡木蠹蛾、毒蛾類、金龜子類、介殼蟲類、類、軟體動物類及鳥類。該類有害動物之主要發生為害期在4∼10月間，因此田間防治該類有害動物時，應該把握防治適期。就蟲害管理立場而言，應不斷改進葡萄栽培技術以減少葡萄蟲害之發生，而田間管理工作首先應從冬季休眠期清園，做好田間衛生管理，勿讓葡萄殘植成為病蟲害繁殖之溫床。爾後以綜合管理之理念，配合田間生態之資料，採取適時、適法及適度之防治策略，才能達到經濟安全有效之防治目的。

關鍵字

葡萄 ； 害蟲 ； 管理

並列摘要

The grape is one of the important fruit in Taiwan. Twenty-five species of insect pests (15 families, 7 orders), 4 species of spider mites, 3 species of molluscas, 2 species of rodent and 4 species of birds have been listed as the pests of grape from the survey. The results showed that the seasonal occurrence of the major pests such as Zeuzera coffeae Nietner larvae appeared all year round with higher population density from June to July and from October to November, while as Notolophus australis posticus Walker from April to May, Euprotis taiwana (Shiraki), Theretra alecto L. and Anomala cupripes Hope from June to July, and Bradybaena similaris (Fe'russac)from May to September. The other pests such as Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and Trichoplusia ni Hubner are negligible due to their population density are so low. Applications of insecticides from April to June during the emergence period of 1st generation adults and from August to October during the emergence period of 2nd generation adults, resulted in the most effective control of Zeuzera coffeae and have the highest economic profit. The control method of Bradybaena similaris was to utilize the pet bottle instead of conventional chemical method. Improvement of culturing technique may decrease the occurrence of insect pests which may have favorable effect on their control. Discarded plant parts and abandoned field which may become the sources of infestation must be carefully taken care of. Strengthening of cooperative pest control program and searching for new control measures will eventually ensure overcoming of the difficulties encounted in the field.

並列關鍵字

Grapevine ； Insect ； Pest ； Management