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甜柿休眠期與萌芽期之管理技術
The Management Techniques of Non-astringent Persimmon at Dormant and Bud-breaking Stages
摘要
甜柿屬於落葉果樹，而落葉果樹在每年生長初期都必須依賴貯藏樹體光合成產物的再轉移，其後隨著葉片逐漸成熟能輸出光合成產物供給枝梢及果實的發育，果實收穫後光合成產物運移到貯藏器官。所以由果實採收後休眠至萌芽期間雖然樹體沒有果實的生長，但是植株的管理仍然相當重要。甜柿的花芽分化是在前一年春夏之間開始，隨後至翌年開花前之期間都是屬於花芽之發育期，如果在果實採收後未進行適當的管理，將會影響貯藏養分的累積、花芽的發育及翌春枝梢的萌發與生長。甜柿果實採收後首先要避免植株早期落葉，以増加植株貯藏養分並促進花芽之發育，而在落葉休眠期應進行清園及植株的清潔，避免病原菌及害蟲之潛伏，減少翌年病蟲害的發生。萌芽期良好的管理可使植株貯藏養分供應植株生育初期即能發揮最大之作用，有助於花器發育及枝梢生長。萌芽期管理要點為促進植株萌芽整齊、促進修剪傷口之癒合、將生長位置不適當之新梢之進行捻枝、進行疏蕾以促使保留花蕾之發育並視植株生育情形進行環狀剝皮。休眠及萌芽期間妥善管理能控制枝梢均衡發育及促進花器及幼果之發育，以增加果實發育之潛能，提昇日後的果實品質及經營收益。
並列摘要
The non-astringent persimmon is a deciduous fruit tree. It uses and translocates the photosynthates that storaged in limb, stem and roots at the beginning growth stage of every year. As the leaves gradually matured, the photosynthetic product is then transported to supply shoot growth and fruit development. After fruit have harvested, the photosynthates are translocated and accumulated to storage organs. Although there is no fruit growing at the period of post-harvest to bud-breaking, but the cultural practice and management of plant is important. The flower initiation began at the spring-summer season of previous year and the development continued throughout next year. If without proper management during post-harvest stage, it will affects the carbohydrates accumulation, flower-bud development and spring shoot growth and development. The post-harvest management for non-astringent persimmon is to avoid the early leaf-dropping and thus to increase the storaged carbohydrates and to promote the flower-bud development. At leaf-dropping stage, orchard and plant cleaning can avoid the diseases and insect pests occur at next year. The proper management at bud-breaking stage could enhance the beginning growth stage and assist flower-bud and shoot growth and development. The cultural practice at bud-breaking stage including enhancing uniform bud-breaking and shoot growth, increasing pruning wound healing, twisting the ill-positioned new shoots, thinning flower-bud. The purpose of management at dormant and bud-breaking stages is to control the uniform growth of shoot and promote the flower-bud and young fruit development, thus increase the potential of fruit development in the latter stage and farmer income in the harvest.