摘要
本研究的主要目的在分析臺灣梨之產銷、進出口、市場價格、生產成本與收益以及產業競爭力。結果顯示：臺灣梨栽培面積已逐年減少，但產量不減反增；果品以寄交行口最多，其次為批發市場或販運商至產地收購；台灣梨外銷市場拓展不易，僅少量出口至香港、新加坡、印尼、菲律賓、汶萊與哥斯大黎加。由於東方梨原為管制進口品項，加入WTO以後進口量劇增，主要來自韓國，其次為日本；除受進口梨衝擊以外，國內梨產量增加以及其他國產水果產量增加的替代效應影響，國產梨價格下跌。日本梨不具價格優勢，台灣以送禮市場較受影響，韓國與中國大陸梨，因成本與售價低，未來將是台灣梨最大競爭對手。台灣寄接梨與中國大陸、韓國、日本相比，具產期早優勢，與南半球紐、澳等國東方梨相較，雖不具產期與價格優勢，但具果品顆粒較大與外觀較佳優勢。寄接梨因每年需嫁接，增加成本與風險，而且國內梨穗不足或品質不佳，多需仰賴進口，不僅售價高，數量與品質亦不穩定。目前試驗改良場所已完成數種低需冷性新品種研發與命名，目前正推廣種植中，尤應加強輔導以期早日落實。未來仍需繼續加強研發低需冷性優良品系與梨穗生產技術，同時積極導入生產履歷紀錄制度與品質認證，以提高台灣梨產業競爭力。
並列摘要
The aim of this study was to analyze the situation of production and marketing, importing and exporting, market price, the production cost and revenue, as well as the industrial competition for the pears in Taiwan. The results indicated that the cultivation area of pear in Taiwan has gradually declined by years, but the productivity increased instead. Most pears were sent to brokers, followed by wholesale market and shipper purchase. Expansion of foreign market is not easy , only little was exported to Honkong, Singapore, Indonisia, Philipine and CostaRica. Although Eastern pear was originally one of the controlled imported items, after joining to WTO, the amount of imported pear increased, majorly from Korea, followed by Japan. Due to the impact from imported pear, and increasing in domestic pear productivity as well as the substitution by other fruits, the price of domestic pear declined. The price advantage of Japanese pear has not existed. Such fact affects the gift market of Taiwan pear. On the other hand, due to the low production cost and price, pears from Korea and Mainland China will be the competitors for Taiwan pear in the future. In comparison to the pear from China, Korea and Japan, the advantage of Taiwan pear is its earlier production season. Comparing to the Eastern pear from Southern hemisphere, such as those from NewZealand and Australia, although the price advantage and earlier production season of Taiwan pear do not exist, its better size and apearance are some advantages. The top-grafted pear has extra cost and risk because of annual grafting requirement. Furthermore, the flower scion of pear need to rely on importing because of its insufficient quantity and poor quality. This may lead to high price, unstable quantity and quality for flower scion. At present, the Agriculture Experiment and Improvement Station has developed and named several new variaties of pears which do not need lower temperature for growing. Extending plantation of such variaties is undergoing now. Guiding and assisting to the farmers should be carried out as soon as possible. In the future, continuous research and development of new pear variaties which do not need low growth temperature and improvement of the production technique for flower scion of pear is required. Simultaneously, the system of traceability and quality certification should be carried out so that the competitence of Taiwan pear will be strengthened.