高接梨嫁接適期之研究

Research of Optimum Grafting Stages on Top-Grafted Pear

盧柏松(Po-Song Lu)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 75號 (2005/12) Pp. 175-190

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.200512.0005

摘要

高接梨因受接穗及砧木為兩不同品種梨樹之影響，其休眠深度及生育期並不一致，但可以利用嫁接時期調節生長，因此本試驗分別調查橫山梨之休眠萌芽生理週期，並利用不同嫁接時期來探討高接梨較適宜之嫁接時期。橫山梨之生理調查結果發現，橫山梨芽體自9月起萌芽率降低，開始進入休眠期，12月為深休眠期，1月以後部份芽體開始覺醒。當芽體進入休眠期時，枝條水分及全可溶性糖含量隨休眠加深而快速降低，在1月以後隨芽體逐漸萌發而逐漸增加；相對地，澱粉含量在夏季至秋季間則隨生長季節之推移而逐漸增加，而在10月下旬芽體進入深休眠前達最高峰，之後逐漸降低。另外枝條中氮素含量則在芽體進入深休眠前達最低，之後在深休眠期逐漸增加。而嫁接時期試驗之結果顯示，提早嫁接對提早產期有一點效果，但愈早嫁接，所需之生育日數愈長，以1月中旬嫁接所需時間最短，約150天；自然環境下低溫及降雨均會降低著果率，而利用人工授粉則有明顯提高著果率之趨勢。果實品質方面，有愈早嫁接果實品質愈差的情形，新世紀梨在11月上、中旬嫁接平均單果重約87～130公克，均不具商品價值；以12月下旬嫁接果實品質較佳，大果率較高，平均單果重達320公克；不同時期嫁接處理之果實糖度均在10.5～11°Brix，可滴定酸含量約為0.25～0.32%，各處理間並無明顯差異。因此顯示臺東地區新世紀高接梨最適當之嫁接時期應在12月下旬至1月中旬間。

關鍵字

高接梨 ； 橫山梨 ； 嫁接時期 ； 新世紀梨

並列摘要

The growth of top-grafted pear is affected by both scion and stock because they are in different dormancy and growth stages, which can use grafting stage to control their growing speed, so selected grafting stage is more important. ”Hengshan” pear was ascertained that the buds go into dormancy in September and has remained the deep dormancy until December. The degree of dormancy diminished from January. The water and total soluble sugar content of shoots decreased rapidly during deep dormancy period and thereafter increased again at bud-break time. The starch content increased from summer to autumn, and reached the maximum level in early dormancy (late October), then dropped significantly when bud-break. Nitrogen concentrations of shoots decreased during the period of early dormancy and increased in the deep dormancy period. In this experiment, grafting earlier can harvest a few times, because of longer growing time. The growing time shortest when grafting on 15 January, about 150 days. Had a longest growth days on 1 November grafted, about 177 days. Survival of different graft stages were above 90% and the rate of flower bud was higher that grafting after 15 December (pruned scions on 10 November). Fruit setting decreased with low temperature and rains and increased significantly by hand pollination.Fruit quality was decreased when advanced the grafting time of this experiment. Fruits can not be marketed that average single fruit weight only 87 or 130 grams when grafted on 1 November and 15 November. Single fruit weight was about 320 grams that fruit size is the biggest when grafted on 30 December and 15 January. The yield per tree is the most, about 47.7 kg, that grafted on 30 December. Total soluble sugars content of all fruits are 10.5 to 11°Brix; tartaric acid are 0.26 to 0.32%. There was no different sighificantly in this experiment.The results show that ”Shinseiki” top-grafting pear produce in Taitung, and the optimum grafting stage is during 30 December to 15 January.

並列關鍵字

top-grafting pear ； "Heng-Shan" pear ； grafting stage ； "Shinseiki" pear