番石榴果實病害防治技術之研究

Study on the Control Practices for the Diseases of the Guava Fruit

葉士財(Shih-Tsai Yeh)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 108號 (2011/09) Pp. 216-238

摘要

番石榴為中部地區重要之經濟果樹。生育期間果實主要的病害有炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）、瘡痂病（Pestalotia psidii）、黑星病（Phyllosticta psidiicola）及疫病（Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica）等4種為害最嚴重。本試驗主要目的在於調查番石榴果實主要病害之發生消長，並進行田間及實驗室內藥劑試驗。結果顯示炭疽病主要發生於6～8月及10～2月。瘡痂病主要發生期間為7～11月間，菌絲生長溫度以15～30℃最適合，低於10℃或高於35℃皆不利菌絲生長。黑星病發生於7～10月，疫病以8～10月間颱風降雨時發生較多。不同種類藥劑對番石榴炭疽病菌絲生長的影響，以24.9%待克利乳劑3,000倍處理抑制效果較佳；對瘡痂病菌絲生長的影響，以40%克熱淨可濕性粉劑1,500倍處理抑制效果較佳；對疫病菌絲生長的影響，以33.5%快得寧水懸劑1,000倍處理抑制效果較佳。番石榴果實炭疽病田間藥劑試驗結果，以40%克收欣水分散性粒劑2,000倍、24.9%待克利乳劑3,000倍及33.5%快得寧水懸劑1,000倍處理效果較佳。果實瘡痂病田間藥劑試驗結果以40%克熱淨可濕性粉劑1,500倍與對照無施藥處理呈5%極顯著性差異。果實黑星病田間藥劑試驗結果，以50%克收欣水分散性粒劑2,000倍效果較佳。在疫病田間藥劑試驗結果，以33.5%快得寧水懸劑1,000倍效果較佳。

關鍵字

番石榴 ； 炭疽病 ； 瘡痂病 ； 黑星病 ； 疫病 ； 殺菌劑

並列摘要

The guava is an important economic fruit trees in central Taiwan. The anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), scab (Pestalotia psidii), black spot (Phyllosticta psidiicola) and Phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) are four important fruit diseases during cultivated period. In this study, the occurrences of major guava fruit diseases were investigated, and field and laboratory fungicides trials were processed. Results showed that the anthracnose had two major infected periods, Jun. to Aug. and Oct. to next Feb. The scab was infected during Jul. to Nov. The optimal growth temperature for mycelium of scab is from 15 to 30 ℃. The black spot occur during Jul. to Oct. The Phytophthora fruit rot is infected between Aug. and Oct., just a heavy rainfall as typhoon period. Difference fungicides were tested to inhibit pathogens mycelium growth for understanding their effect. Using 24.9% Difenoconazole EC 3,000 fold had better inhibit effect to mycelium growth for anthracnose. 40% Iminoctadine Triacetate WP 1,500 fold had better inhibited effect to scab, and 33.5% Oxine-copper SC 1,000 fold had better inhibit effect to Phytophthora fruit rot. Field trial results showed that 40% Iminoctadine Triacetate WP 2,000 fold, 24.9% Difenoconazole EC 3,000 fold and 33.5% Oxine-copper SC 1,000 fold had better control effect to guava fruit anthracnose. 40% Iminoctadine Triacetate WP 1,500 fold had better control effect to fruit scab, 50% Kresoxim-methyl SG 2,000 fold to fruit black spot and 33.5% Oxine-copper SC 1,000 fold to Phytophthora fruit rot in the field.

並列關鍵字

guava ； Psidium guajava ； guava anthracnose ； guava scab ； black spot ； Phytophthora fruit rot ； fungicide