第四章、農業機械研究

Agricultural Machinery Research

田雲生(Yun-Sheng Tien) ； 張金元(Chin-Yuan Chang) ； 陳令錫(Ling-Hsi Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 125號 (2014/12) Pp. 137-159

摘要

本場30年來農業機械研究之沿革與發展概分為3個階段：民國74~79年為第一階段之發展期，配合稻田轉作進行農產品收穫後處理及果蔬栽培機械之研發；79~90年是第二階段之成長期，為推動農業生產自動化，相關設備更新與進修同仁相繼返回崗位，研究工作明顯蓬勃成長；90年迄今為第三階段之提升期，因應社會環境變遷與資訊科技進步，提升為機電整合及高科技之研究發展，並有諸多成果產出供農友應用。農業機械研究主要任務為地區性農業生產管理、採收搬運、加工調製等機械化、自動化、電子化作業設備和整合系統之開發與推廣；現階段以傳統農機、溫室科技、行動農業、逆境調適及節能減碳為研發主軸。近年來共計完成技術移轉16件、獲得專利權21項，其中在噴霧管理技術方面，開發溫室內自動換棟型懸吊桿式噴霧系統、電動三輪自走式噴霧機，可減少病蟲害防治用藥量25%，並提升噴霧管理效能。園藝栽培機械方面，開發電動自走式升降作業機、溫室無線監測系統、基本型養液自動調配灌溉機具、設施花卉防倒伏升降網架系統、手扶式半自動雙行蔬菜移植機等；其中電動自走式升降作業機可供高莖作物登高採收、管理與搬運作業應用，累計推廣206臺、產值1,800萬元以上，是遷場後農機研發成果推廣數量最多者。果園省工管理機械方面，開發果園施肥鑽孔機及乘坐式割草機，割草效率較背負式機型快6～8倍，累計推廣129臺、產值2,967萬元，是遷場後農機研發成果推廣產值最高者。目前進行中的試驗項目，包括離心衝擊式蕎麥脫殼機、蔬菜立體栽培裝置、太陽光電結合設施生產、節水灌溉與雨水回收利用系統、作物環境微氣候改善農耕管理效率、養液灌溉機具提升灌溉效率與設施管理策略之研究開發，並於彰化縣南部高鐵沿線區域進行園藝作物節水節肥灌溉系統之推廣應用，期望農業生產達到省工、高效、節能及永續經營的成果。

關鍵字

農業機械 ； 溫室科技 ； 行動農業 ； 節能減碳

並列摘要

Taichung district agricultural research and extension station was relocated to Dacun Township, Changhua County in 1984, and completed the construction of agricultural machinery building in the second year. The recent nearly 30 years' history and development of agricultural machinery research can be summarized into three stages: 1985 - 1990 for the Transition period, with the food development policy transferred from paddy to fruit and vegetable processing, included mechanical cultivation in the field and processing device of post harvest agricultural products; 1990 - 2001 was growth period, to promote agricultural production automation, added many equipments and four training colleagues back to improve research capacity, so the research works are clearly booming growth; after 2001 for Lifting of the Department stage, in response to climate change and local social advancement, introduced information technology to enhance the mechanical and electrical integration approach high-tech research, and there were many achievements benefit to farmers applications. The main goal of the agricultural machinery research is to develop and extend high performance and labor-saving devices for cultivation, transporting, harvesting and processing of products to upgrade the farmer capacity in central Taiwan. Now, the mandate focus on the energy-saving, carbon-reducing, stress adaption, mobilization farming, protected horticulture and traditional agro-machinery sections. Recently, there are 16 technology transfers and 21 patents in the agricultural engineering area. Many new machineries and techniques for the mechanization and automation had developed and improved for the farmers. In the area of spraying management research, an automatic zone-shifting type boom-spraying device, electric self-propelled tri wheel sprayers for protected horticulture had been developed. In the researches of machinery and technique for protected horticulture, an electric self-propelled lifting carrier, a wireless monitor system, an automatic fertigation system, a vertical moving net frame system to prevent flower crops lodging, and a semi-automatic vegetable seedling transplanter had been utilized. In the mechanization researches for orchard management, a multipurpose riding-type mower and a self-propelled hydraulic drilling machine had been developed for labor-saving and efficiency-raising. Others such like farm machinery and automation equipment, the list goes on. Now, the buckwheat sheller, rotary type vertical culture device, crop cultivation use solar power to establish green production system are under developing and experimenting. Newly designed techniques are not only increase irrigation efficiency and management skills inside greenhouse but also save water and power resources. The water-saving irrigation and rainwater recycling system are also studying and application along the Taiwan High Speed Rail in southern Changhua County.

並列關鍵字

agricultural machinery ； greenhouse technique ； mobile agriculture ； energy saving and carbon reduction