紅龍果日本消費市場及越南產銷現況參訪分享

Current Situation of Japanese Consumer Market and Vietnamese Production on Pitaya

陳盟松(Meng-Sung Chen) ； 郭建志(Chien-Chih Kuo) ； 許榮華(Jung-Hua Hsu)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 131號 (2016/04) Pp. 13-28

摘要

紅龍果為國內近年來發展迅速的果樹產業，隨栽培面積擴增，後續的產銷亦須加以規劃。日本為外銷果品的指標市場，故進行日本消費市場對紅龍果的銷售現況與接受程度，以及臺灣紅龍果外銷日本數量逐年降低的原因調查。九州福岡地區僅有少數大型賣場有紅龍果展售；在東京地區蔬果賣場較易見到紅龍果展售，高級水果專賣店以日本國產紅肉種為主。一般蔬果超市則販售越南進口的白肉種，然多數果品因櫥架展示期過久，果實鱗片黃化。經檢討臺灣白肉種紅龍果之生產成本高於越南，缺乏國際市場競爭力。在紅肉種紅龍果部分，臺灣的果品品質優於日本自產，仍具外銷潛力。越南為國內紅龍果外銷的重要競爭對手，栽培面積達36,000公頃，約80%外銷世界40餘國，中國大陸為最大消費國；20%供國內市場消費。產區為平順省、隆安省與前江省，品種以白肉種為主，紅肉種約佔14%。約8,000公頃果園已獲得Global GAP或Viet GAP認證，有利於果品外銷至歐美等國。產區病蟲害發生以莖潰瘍病、炭疽病、螞蟻與果實蠅危害較為嚴重，植株亦有嚴重日燒問題。越南紅龍果產業發展明確定位於外銷市場，相關配套制度、外銷集貨及運銷系統設置健全，值得國內紅龍果產業發展借鏡。

關鍵字

紅龍果 ； 日本 ； 越南 ； 外銷

並列摘要

Pitaya industry developed rapidly in recent years and became an important fruit in Taiwan. With its cultivated area increasing, the production and marketing should be well planned. Japan is the indicator market for fruit exporting. Thus, the present study was conducted on the investigation of Japanese consumer market and the reason why Taiwan’s exported quantum were declined. In Fukuoka Kyushu, pitaya was only sold in few lager markets but common in Tokyo. Local produced pitaya with red flesh were mainly sold in luxury fruit shops while white flesh type imported from Vietnam were sold in normal supermarkets. Many fruit showed yellowing scale due to the long shelf time. The productive cost of white fl esh pitaya in Taiwan is higher than Vietnam, thus it lacked of international market competitiveness. However, Taiwan had better quality in red flesh type and still kept exporting potential. Vietnam is the key competitor of Taiwan for pitaya exporting with 36,000 ha productive area, 80% of yield was sold to over 40 countries and 20% remain for domestic market. China is its biggest consumer market. The main production areas were located in Binh Thuan, Long An and Tien Giang. White flesh type was the major variety and red fl esh type only taked14%. Over 8,000 ha of orchards had been certificated with Global GAP or Viet GAP that facilitate Vietnam export pitaya to European and American market. The stem canker, anthracnose, ants and fruit flies were serious disease and pest in pitaya orchards of Vietnam also sunburn problem. In conclusion, pitaya industry in Vietnam targeted to export specifically and had well-established postharvest and transportation system. It was worthy for Taiwan’s pitaya industry to learn.

並列關鍵字

pitaya ； Japan ； Vietnam ； export