從《十八春》的改寫看張愛玲的文學回歸

張愛玲（1920-1995）是中國現代文學史上備受矚目的小說家，她成名的場域是政治、文學傳統皆與中國切斷的上海淪陷區，這個歷史空間意外成就了她短暫（1943-1945）卻燦爛的文學生命，期間完成的短篇小說集《傳奇》，融合東西方的文化視域與寫作技巧，其獨特的女性敘述，奠定她在文壇無人可取代的地位與影響力。《十八春》（1951）是張愛玲的首部長篇小說，內容言情，所重在於亂世的離合悲歡，但一改絢爛詞采，以平淡樸實的筆調描寫人生起落、世態炎涼，是張愛玲結束《傳奇》風華，走向通俗文學的嘗試，在其寫作生涯是部轉型的作品。六0年代末張愛玲改寫《十八春》，更名為《半生緣》（1969）。改寫時張愛玲年近五十，經歷兩次婚姻、客居香港、流放美國，已遠離中國政治風暴的她，在《半生緣》剔除了《十八春》大量的政治佐料，讓文本還原為兒女私情的故事，同時融入她中年之後更達觀的生命態度。此改寫可視為張愛玲「回歸」到以文學為本質的創作。本論文首先探討《十八春》的文壇評價、讀者反應和改寫緣由。其次，從政治話語的消音和顛覆傳統大團圓的喜劇結局這兩條軸線為開展點，細部比較改寫前、後的文本異同，以及兩部作品的藝術成就與史料價值。最後，挖掘張愛玲在《半生緣》所要傳遞的、表述的人生啟示為何。

關鍵字

張愛玲；十八春；半生緣；長篇小說

並列摘要

Zhang Ailing (1920-1995) is a high-profile novelist in the history of modern Chinese literature. Her famous field is the Shanghai-occupied area where politics and literary traditions are cut off from China. This historical space unexpectedly made her short-lived (1943-1945). However, the splendid literary life, the short story collection ＂Legend＂ completed during the period, blending the cultural horizons and writing skills of the East and the West, its unique female narrative, laid her unplaceable status and influence in the literary world. ＂Eighteen Springs＂ (1951) is Zhang Ailing's first novel. The content of romance is focused on the chaos and joys of the troubled times. However, the change of the slogan is to describe the ups and downs of life and the coldness of the world in a plain and simple style. It is the end of Zhang Ailing. The legendary style, the attempt to go to popular literature, is a transformational work in his writing career. In the late 1960s, Zhang Ailing rewrote the Eighteen Springs and changed her name to Half Life (1969). When she was rewritten, Zhang Ailing was nearly 50 years old. She experienced two marriages, stayed in Hong Kong, exiled the United States, and she was far away from the Chinese political storm. In ＂Half-Life＂, she removed a lot of political consignments from the ＂Eighteen Springs＂ and returned the text to the children. At the same time integrated into her more upright attitude towards life after middle age. This rewriting can be regarded as Zhang Ailing's ＂return＂ to the creation with literature as its essence. This thesis first discusses the literary evaluation, reader response and rewriting reasons of ＂Eighteen Springs＂. Secondly, from the silence of political discourse and subversion of the traditional reunion comedy endings, the two axes are the starting points, the details of the texts are similar and rewritten before and after, and the artistic achievements and historical value of the two works. Finally, explore the revelation of Zhang Ailing's life in the ＂Half-Life＂.