服務業人力結構之研究

目前政府正積極推動「六大新興產業」且於「服務業發展方案」中，希望在2012年服務業每年平均增加12萬個就業機會，讓服務業成為創造就業及帶動經濟成長的引擎，惟服務業對人力素質要求較高，服務業人力結構是否能配合國家經濟及產業發展之需要，值得進一步探討。因此本研究利用列聯表分析來陳示服務業就業者之學經歷、性別、行業及職業等各人口特徵別間不同組合的差異，並利用對應分析、3D立體圖及關聯分析等統計方法，來了解其分布及關聯情形，由實證分析結果發現，與「六大新興產業」有關之「專業、科學及技術服務業」僅占4.5%、「醫療保健及社會工作服務業」僅占6.2%，「藝術、娛樂及休閒服務業」僅占1.6%，前述相關知識型服務業就業人口偏低，就業創造效果有待提升。另發現臨時性或人力派遣工作者，多為15－未滿25歲之年輕人，從事事務工作、或是屬非技術性或耗體力之工作，且收入不到25,000元，年資亦未滿5年。政府於研擬勞動派遣法之時，應考慮如何保障此類就業者，並擬訂或修訂相關法規以妥適平衡勞工權益與企業經營管理之需求。

關鍵字

決策樹；卡方AID ；列聯表分析；多維交叉表；殘差分析；對應分析；關聯分析；對數線性模型；人力派遣工作者；收入

並列摘要

With the active promotion of ”Six Emerging Industries” and ”Service Industry Development Plan,” Taiwan government hopes that 120,000 job opportunities can be created each year since 2012, making service industry create more job opportunities and lead the way to economic growth. Owing to the higher demand of service industry on manpower quality, whether the manpower structure of service industry can meet the needs of national economic growth and industry development or not is worthy of further discussion. As a result, this survey uses contingency table to demonstrate the differences of the diverse combinations of service industry employees' demographic characteristics such as academic background, working experiences, gender, industry category and occupation. Statistics methodologies like correspondence analysis, 3D model and association analysis are also utilized to display the distribution and the correlation. The analysis reveals that industries related to the ”Six Emerging Industries,” ”Professional, scientific & technical services” only occupies 4.5%; ”Human health & social work services” 6.2%; ”Art, entertainment & recreation” only 1.6%. These industries have relatively lower percentage of knowledge-based service industry labor force. The effect of job opportunity creation is way to be brought about. The analysis also show that most of the temporary staffs or dispatched employees are young adults between 15 to 25, engaging into general affairs, non-technologic or labor intensive works with less than 5 years seniority and NTD 25,000 income. While working on the Labor Dispatch Law, the government should put the protection of such employees into consideration, enact or amend related regulations to properly assert the rights of the laborers and satisfy the needs of business management.

並列關鍵字

Decision Tree ； CHAID ； Contingency Table ； Olap Cubes ； Correspondence Analysis ； Association Analysis ； Loglinear Model ； dispatched employees ； income