考慮反映物料價格調漲的兩階層合作存貨模式

A two-echelon cooperation inventory model with response to the price of raw material increase

楊志德(Chih-Te Yang) ； 沈冠甫(Kuan-Fu Shen) ； 鄭達真(Ta-Chen Cheng)

《Journal of Data Analysis》 13卷1期 (2018/02) Pp. 49-75

https://doi.org/10.6338/JDA.201802_13(1).0004

摘要

本研究擬運用柏拉圖合作賽局的觀點，探討當市場需求與零售價格有關，反映物料價格調漲的生產存貨模式。對製造商而言，考慮原物料價格調漲會影響其總成本且將之反映在供應價格(零售商的批發價格)，並允許零售商採取一次特別訂購的情況下，決定最適生產與運送策略；而零售商方面，則在供應價格調整前可以採取一次特別訂購策略的情況下同時決定其最適的特別訂購數量和零售價格。首先分別建立製造商與零售商在一個特別生產週期中，特別訂購策略相較於一般訂購策略的總利潤增加函數，並求得在雙方達到合作下均衡解值。接著，利用幾個數值範例來說明求解過程且對主要的參數進行敏感性分析進而獲得一些管理上意涵，希望能提供給擬定生產/訂購策略的管理者一個有用的參考依據。

關鍵字

生產存貨模式 ； 價格調漲 ； 賽局理論 ； 柏拉圖

並列摘要

This paper investigates a production-inventory model with response to the price of raw material increase where market demand rate depends on retail price by using Pareto game theory. For the manufacturer, he/she will determine the optimal production and shipment polices when the increase in the price of raw material influences his/her total cost which will be reflected on supply price (the retailer's wholesale price) and allows the retailer to make a special order. As to the retailer, he/she will adopt a special order policy before the supply price increase to determine the optimal special order quantities and retailer price where market demand rate depends on retail price. We first establish the total profit increase functions for the manufacturer and retailer, respectively and then obtain equilibrium solution under competition and cooperation situations. Further, several numerical examples will be presented to demonstrate the developed models and solution procedures, and sensitivity analyses of the optimal equilibrium solutions will be also carried out to obtain several management insights. We hope that it can provide manager a useful criterion when making producing/ordering policies.

並列關鍵字

Production-inventory model ； price increase ； games theory ； Paret

參考文獻

Arcelus, F. J., Shah, N. H., & Srinivasan, G. “Retailer's pricing, credit and inventory policies for deteriorating items in response to temporary price/credit incentives”, International Journal of Production Economics, (81), 2003, pp.153-162.

Banerjee, A. “A joint economic‐lot‐size model for purchaser and vendor”, Decision sciences, 17(3), 1986, pp. 292-311.

Cachon, G. P., & Zipkin, P. H. “Competitive and cooperative inventory policies in a two-stage supply chain”, Management science, 45(7), 1999, pp. 936-953.

Chern, M. S., Pan, Q., Teng, J. T., Chan, Y. L., & Chen, S. C. “Stackelberg solution in a vendor–buyer supply chain model with permissible delay in payments”, International Journal of Production Economics, 144(1), 2013, pp.397-404.

Chern, M. S., Chan, Y. L., Teng, J. T., & Goyal, S. K. “Nash equilibrium solution in a vendor–buyer supply chain model with permissible delay in payments”, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 70, 2014, pp. 116-123.