建築法第四十七條立法精神之研究

LEGISLATIVE PURPOSE OF ARTICLE 47 OF THE BUILDING ACT

賀士麃(Shih-Piao Ho)

《桃園創新學報》 35期 (2015/12) Pp. 567-576

摘要

近年來，因氣候環境的快速變遷，自然災害的規模已非吾人可預測及控制，建築法第47 條明定「易受海潮、海嘯侵襲、洪水氾濫及土地崩塌之地區，如無確保安全之防護設施者，直轄市、縣（市）（局）主管建築機關應商同有關機關劃定範圍予以發布，並豎立標誌，禁止在該地區範圍內建築」。惟該因應機制係全面性就土地與建築物長時期之政策性管制，抑或僅就為防範緊急危害發生之臨時管制措施，實有必要再進一步釐清。本研究擬從立法院當時審議建築法第47 條時之立法緣由為研究基礎，同時對於建築法第47 條條文中所謂「海潮」、「海嘯」、「洪水氾濫」及「土地崩塌」等名詞用語，分別從學術及法規相關用語探討其定義，最後再藉由實務說明建築法第47 條之操作機制以進一步釐清該條文之立法精神。本研究認為依據建築法第47 條所謂「易受海潮、海嘯侵襲、洪水氾濫及土地崩塌」之地區，其實際發生之現象所造成之影響遠大於用語本質上之定義，故是否須將建築法第47 條相關用語予以明確定義並非當初立法之初衷，其重點應在當上述現象發生時，如何判斷是否會導致影響國人生命財產之安全以及如何因應以健全建築管理方為上策。

關鍵字

建築法 ； 禁止建築 ； 建築管理

並列摘要

In recent years, rapid climate change has resulted in unpredictable and uncontrollable disasters. Article 47 of the Building Act specifies that “In an area that is likely to be damaged by tide, seaquake, flood, or landslide, where there is no protection facility to ensure safety, the municipal or county (city) (bureau) competent authority of construction shall cooperate with other related departments to allocate the ranges and erect signboards to prohibit construction in this area.” However, whether this article exerts comprehensive policy control of land and buildings over a long period or is a temporary control measure to prevent emergency hazards should be clarified. This study examined the legislative purpose of Article 47 of the Building Act and defined the terms “tide,” “seaquake,” “flood,” and “landslide” on the basis of academic and regulatory terms. Additionally, practical explanations were provided to interpret the operating mechanism of Article 47 of the Building Act to clarify the legislative purpose of the article. This study asserts that regions referred to in Article 47 of the Building Act as “likely to be damaged by tide, seaquake, flood, or landslide” are, in reality, subject to a considerably more influence by the said phenomena than that conveyed in the definition expressed from the language. Thus, whether the language in Article 47 must be clearly defined is not the initial legislative purpose of this article. The focus of this article should be on how to determine whether the defined phenomena endanger people’s lives and property as well as how to improve building management when these phenomena occur.

並列關鍵字

Building Act ； Construction Prohibition ； Building Management