摘要
在近70年來，沙灘排球在世界上已從休閒運動發展成為職業競技運動，但是目前國內的沙灘排球選手多幾乎都是由室內排球選手來兼任，而這些選手絕大部分的時間都在硬地上打球，對於沙地的環境以及起跳技巧並不熟悉，導致在比賽時常會有跳不起來或失去平衡的現象產生。因此透過國內外相關的文獻與研究，歸納整理出有利選手在沙地起跳的技巧，讓選手在沙灘排球的比賽中能更得心應手。根據肌肉力學原理可知，被拉長的肌肉可儲存彈性位能，增大上蹬期參與活動的肌肉力量，有利於跳躍表現，所以在跳躍運動型態動作中，彈性能量儲存與再利用的技術與能力，將是影響跳躍表現的關鍵因素。因沙地結構的不穩定，當下肢肌肉在施力時會使腳掌下陷到沙地裡，分散了起跳時推蹬的力量，這會抑制肌肉力量運用，而延遲最大力量的出現，使起跳力量變小。因為沙地並非穩固堅實的，無法完全給於同等的地面反作用力，且在沙地上因作用力由於接觸面的不穩定而發生不易平衡的現象。因此，根據諸多文獻與研究顯示，在沙地起跳時，必須先求穩定雙腳的支撐點及加大與沙地的接觸面積，並朝垂直方向向上起跳，膝關節先行伸展以減少下蹲角度，才會有較佳的跳躍表現。
並列摘要
In the past 70 years, the beach volleyball has already grown from outdoor activity to the professional sport in the world, but present Taiwan beach volleyball player many to hold by indoor volleyball player concurrently nearly all, and player these definitely hard to play ball, environment and take-off skill to be unfamiliar with each other in sand ground on the ground most of the time, result in have a match and can not often jump well or the phenomenon out-of-balance emerge. So pass relevant document and research both at home and abroad, sum up and put in order out the skill that the favorable player take-offs on the sand ground, let players can be done in an expert way even more in the match of the beach volleyball. Location can know according to the muscle mechanics principle, it is elastic to be stored by the muscle elongated, pedal a muscle strength of participating in activity on increasing, help to jump and behave, so in jump sports type of the attitude movement, elastic energy is stored with the technology and ability that are utilized, key factor displayed that it influences jumping that. Because the unstability of the structure of sand ground, push the strength pedalled when the low limbs muscle will make the sole sink to the sand ground in the application of force, disperse and take-off, this will suppress muscle strength use, postpone great appearance of strength most, is it take-off strength diminish to make. Because does not stabilize the solid one on the sand ground, it is unable to totally give it in equal ground reacting force, and on the sand ground because the phenomenon of the difficult balance takes place because of exposed unstability in the effort. So, according to a great deal of documents and research, while take-offing on the sand ground, must aspire for stability double-legged strong point and strengthen contact area in sand ground first, and take-off upwards in the vertical direction, the knee joint stretches the shin and squats down in the angle by reducing in advance, just there will be better jumps that will behave.
延伸閱讀
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- 陳膺成、林槐庭、黃長福（2013）。沙灘排球選手與室內排球選手沙地起跳動作之差異。大專體育學刊，15(1)，64-74。https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1501.007
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