莊子「心齋」工夫為教師提供的心理建設與對策

今日的教學現場，已非如往昔「單純」，學生主體意識的抬頭，社會多元的傾向，往昔權威的喪失，造成授課教師在「目標效益」與「自主發展」動輒得咎的難題；要完成教學成果，又要避免為教學間的種種不順遂所傷，在體制改善有限，現場狀況又應接不暇的前提下，由教學者本身之心態著手，亦為對策之一。本文以《莊子．人間世》之案例討論與「心齋」之修養工夫為主要討論對象，蓋〈人間世〉之主旨，便在討論人間各種人際關係之種種凶險與其對應之道；而「心齋」之修養工夫，即為面對問題之對策。整理莊子如何發掘人際間相處的難題，與道家自然無為在教學現場所能提出的反思，或能為今日處於「過度介入引起反感」與「討好學生卻犧牲教育目標」兩難問題的教師們，提出一可實踐的對應之道。

關鍵字

莊子；人間世；教學；自然；無為；菑人；益多；心齋

並列摘要

Classes nowadays are not as simple as usual; especially students’ rising consciousness of the selves and diverse social tendencies have caused the dilemma between ＂teaching effectiveness＂ and ＂Self-development in the instructors.＂ Teachers today need not only to accomplish in teaching achievements but also to avoid annoyance caused by the unsatisfactory circumstances on the scene of teaching. Since it is not easy to change the education system, the educators can only adjust their mindset to the changing environment. This paper discusses Zhuangzi’s Man in the World, whose theme is to interpret the intricate human relationships and the philosophy of knowing one’s place. Zhuangzi especially focuses on the relationship between teachers and students and the difficulties in this relation. In this paper, I’ll analyze how Zhuangzi explores interpersonal difficulties and proposes to apply the Inaction by Daoist to the classes of the present generation. The result may offer a practical theory to help educators to find a way to deal with the dilemmas of ＂the over reaction caused by excessive guidance＂ and ＂the sacrifice of the educational goals in order to please students.＂

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi ； Man in the World ； teaching ； Nature (?) ； Inaction

國際替代計量

莊子「心齋」工夫為教師提供的心理建設與對策

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