從張岱《陶庵夢憶》論晚明家樂對戲曲發展之影響

A Study in the Influence of Family Troupe on the Development of Drama in the Period of Late Ming Dynasty According to ＂Tao An Meng Yi＂ Written by Zhang Dai

林立仁(Li-Jen Lin)

《通識教育學報》 5期 (2017/12) Pp. 37-60

https://doi.org/10.6517/MCUT.201712_(5).0003

摘要

明世宗嘉靖年間，魏良輔等人改良崑山腔成為流麗悠遠的水磨調後，很快地得到文人士夫的認同，從此作家輩出，作品豐碩，蔚為大觀。而文人士夫對戲劇的熱愛，除了展現於劇本創作，也表現在家樂的設置上。「家樂」，不只是中國古代優伶組織的一種特殊形式，更對戲劇發展有著不可小覷的影響。張岱，明末清初小品文重要作家，晚年蒼涼，憶及過往，寫成《陶庵夢憶》、《西湖夢尋》等書。在《陶庵夢憶》中則留下許多戲曲活動的紀錄，包括家樂、曲會、串客，乃至影響戲曲演出的演員訓練、舞台藝術等，是關注晚明戲曲發展不可忽略的一本書。故此，取之為題，期望對《陶庵夢憶》中所記家樂的戲曲活動有較完整的探討，藉此看出家樂的存在對晚明戲曲發展的影響。

關鍵字

張岱 ； 陶庵夢憶 ； 家樂 ； 家班

並列摘要

The scholar-officials in Late Ming Dynasty were passionate about drama. This phenomenon was not only reflected on with the abundant script compositions but also the prosperity of family troupe. Besides being a special pattern of organization of ancient Chinese actors, ＂Family Troupe＂ also has considerable influence on the development of drama. Zhang Dai, who was an important composer of essay during the period of Late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, had kept rich records of the activities of drama in ＂Tao An Meng Yi＂ including Family Troupe, cameo appearance, the factors that would affect the drama a lot like actor training and stage art and so on. It was an outstanding book which mentioned the development of drama in Late Ming Dynasty. Therefore, in order to discuss the drama activities of Family Troupe recorded in ＂Tao An Meng Yi＂ more profoundly and completely, this thesis has been used ＂Tao An Meng Yi＂ as the theme and has been certified the influence of the existence of Family Troupe in the development of drama in the period of Late Ming Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Zhang Dai ； Tao An Meng Yi ； Family Troupe