彈性足弓支撐墊對低足弓運動員著地撞擊與推蹬力量的影響

目的：探究具有彈性支撐特性之客製化足墊，對低足弓運動員在進行高台著地、高台著地反彈跳、衝刺跑，此三種常見的運動型態中，地面反用力的特性，期可了解此特性之足部輔具對低足弓運動員下肢負荷與運動表現的影響。方法：本研究招募12名「低足弓」之大專體育系學生為受試對象。以一套足部評估系統進行足弓高度檢測以篩選受試者，並將受試者之足弓進行校正取模後，製作實驗用之客製化的彈性足墊。以兩塊測力板擷取受試者進行30公分高台著地、30公分高台著地反彈跳、衝刺跑之地面反作用力資料。以重複量數t-test比較低足弓運動員在穿著「一般足墊」與「客製化彈性足墊」間，各結果參數是否有顯著差異存在。統計顯著水準訂為α＝.05。結果：低足弓運動員在穿著客製化彈性足墊進行高台著地反彈跳動作時，著地階段撞擊力峰值顯著低於穿著一般足墊時（p＜0.05），進行衝刺跑動作時，推蹬階段的推蹬力峰值顯著大於穿著一般足墊時（p＜0.05）。而在高台著地以及衝刺跑動作中著地階段的撞擊力參數皆未有顯著差異（p＞0.05），在高台著地反彈跳推蹬階段的推蹬力參數亦皆未有顯著差異（p＞0.05）。結論：低足弓運動員穿著具有彈性特性之客製化足弓支撐墊，有助於降低30公分高台著地反彈跳動作中下肢的撞擊負荷，並可增進衝刺跑時的推蹬力表現，對運動傷害的防護與運動表現的提升都有積極正向的助益。

關鍵字

高台著地反彈跳；高台著地；衝刺跑；負荷率；發力率

並列摘要

Purposes: The current study is dedicated to exploring the effect of customized elastic arch support insoles on ground reaction force for athletes with low-arched feet when performing activities, such as landings, drop jumps, and sprints. In addition, we intend to understand how such foot or those affect lower extremity loading and athletic performance. Methods: 12 college students with low-arched feet from PE department were selected as our participants. Our foot evaluation system was used to measure the height of the foot arch so as to screen and select suitable participants. Based on the system, customized elastic insoles were made for each participants in the experiment. Data on the ground reaction force for landings, drop jumps, and sprints were collected using two force plates. Repeated measures t-test was used to examine whether there existed significant differences for parameters in question between normal insoles and customized elastic insoles for athletes with low-arched feet. The significance level α was set as .05. Results: The peak impact forces during landing for participants with customized elastic insoles were significantly lower than those with normal insoles (p ＜ 0.05). The peak propulsive forces during sprints for participants with customized elastic insoles were significantly greater than those with normal insoles (p ＜ 0.05). For drop jumps and sprints, however, the differences of peak impact forces between the two insoles were insignificant. Lastly, the propulsive forces when performing drop jumps were also insignificant. Conclusions: The customized elastic insoles helped athletes with low-arched feet not only reduce the impact forces at lower limbs during drop jumps but also improve the propulsive forces when sprinting. Furthermore, they were shown to be beneficial in terms of sports performance and injury protection.

並列關鍵字

drop jump ； drop landing ； sprint ； loading rate ； rate of force development

參考文獻

Kelly, L. A., Cresswell, A. G., Racinais, S., Whiteley, R., & Lichtwark, G. (2014). Intrinsic foot muscles have the capacity to control deformation of the longitudinal arch. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 11(93), 20131188. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2013.1188

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