康復之家日常工作場域的結構：以北部地區康復之家為例

A Study on the Structure of Working Field in Halfway Houses in Northern Region

林勝偉(Sheng-Wei Lin) ； 林慧珠

《跨界：大學與社會參與》 3期 (2013/06) Pp. c1-27

摘要

1990年代起，在國家政策的鼓勵下，台灣民間成立的康復之家（住宿型精神復健機構）迅速增長，為許多慢性精神病患提供了一個重回社會生活的復健機制。近年來，學界對於國內精神復健的研究也逐漸累積，但大部分的研究集中於理念、政策與制度的分析，對於實務工作的場域與實務工作者的經驗比較缺乏深入的探討。本文以康復之家基層的實務工作者為研究對象，一方面觀察日常工作中扮演吃重角色的專任管理員，勾勒其角色定位、職務上的自我認知與工作職能的養成途徑；另一方面也嘗試分析專業人員與專任管理員間逐漸成形的分工模式，並檢討其實務運作上的問題。研究發現，實務上康復之家專任管理員對其角色之認知側重於維持康家內部住民日常生活的穩定性，其工作職能的培養主要是依據個人經驗與同儕間彼此分享、傳遞的「默會經驗」；然而，康復之家的成立宗旨乃是藉由專業服務協助住民復健、引導住民回歸家庭與社區生活，因此，在專業認知與公共監督的原則下，透過專業知識的引導而形塑一套穩定明確的分工模式亦為勢所必然。在此一過程中，如何解決基層專任管理員角色定位上的若干困境、如何持續強化既有工的團隊分工模式，乃是未來必須正視的重要課題。

關鍵字

精神復健 ； 康復之家 ； 專任管理員 ； 默會經驗 ； 專業化

並列摘要

From 1990s, under the encouragement of the government policy, there is rapid growth of private-own Halfway House (Accommodation type of psychiatric rehabilitation organization) in Taiwan, which provides a rehabilitation mechanism for mentally-disordered patients before they return to social life. In recent years, the study aimed at exploring domestic psychiatric rehabilitation accumulates gradually. However, present researches concentrate on the analysis of the idea, policy and system. The discussion of working field and the experience to practice workers is scarce. In this article, the grass-roots practitioners in rehabilitation home as the research object, it develops ways; 1) observing full-time administrators’ daily work to outline their role positioning and self- perception in duties and on the self-perception of job functions the cultivation of job competency; 2) analyzing forming process of work configuration between the professionals and full-time administrator to review the operational difficulties in practical work. The study found that the full-time administrators took their roles as maintaining the stability of the internal residents' daily life and cultivated their job competency based on personal experience and also sharing the ＂tacit experience＂ with peers. However, the purpose of the rehabilitation home is, in help of professional services, to assist the residents in rehabilitation and guide them back to family and community life. It is a critical issue to develop a set of stable and definite work configuration under the principle of professional knowledge. In this process, how to solve on the role plight of full-time administrator and continuing to strengthen team working is inevitable.

並列關鍵字

psychiatric rehabilitation ； halfway house ； full-time administrator ； tacit experience ； professionalization