移民趨勢以及一般民眾對於移民的態度：義大利、希臘、西班牙、與葡萄牙的比較分析

本論文旨在探討南歐四個歐盟會員國（希臘、義大利、西班牙、與葡萄牙）的移民趨勢與一般民眾對於移民（尤其是移工）的態度及其影響變數。人口統計資料顯示，1980年代以前這四個國家均屬移出國，移出人口遠大於移入人口。1980年代以後，隨著歐盟經濟體的壯大，這四個國家乃逐漸成為移民接收國。移民主要來自鄰近的歐盟會員國、非洲、東歐、以及二次大戰前的殖民地屬國。整體而言，這四個國家對於移民或移工的態度相對友善，不到二成的民眾不喜歡與外國人或移工為鄰；平均不到一成的民眾認為政府應該完全禁止移民進入該國尋找工作。但是在工作機會有限的狀況下，超過六成的民眾認為雇主應該優先將工作機會留給國人。對於移民的不斷增加，一般民眾最擔心的還是在社會治安問題上，不過，一般民眾也相信移民文化豐富了在地社會的生活。統計迴歸分析顯示，主觀認定移民數量太多、重視在地連結、強烈國家認同感、社會容忍度較低、政治立場上偏右、對他人缺乏信任感、以及教育程度較低者，對於移民的接受度較低。

關鍵字

國際遷移；移民；歐盟；南歐；移民態度

並列摘要

This paper aims to investigate migration trends and attitudes toward immigrants/foreign workers in Italy, Spain, Greece, and Portugal. Demographic data reveals that it was not until the 1980s that these countries became net-migrant receiving countries. The immigrants have been, mainly, drawn from other EU member states, Africa, the European East block, and countries colonized by these four countries before WW II. In general, immigrants to these countries were treated well. Survey data showed that less than 20% of the respondents disliked neighboring foreign workers or immigrants, and less than 10% of the respondents claimed that the government should prohibit foreign workers. Most respondents worried that migrants contributed to worsening crime, yet also noted that immigrants enriched the cultural life of the host societies. Linear regressions results indicated that number of immigrants, the emphasis of localization, national identity, social tolerance, political stand, feeling of trust to others, and level of education had significant impacts on attitudes toward immigrants or foreign workers. Linear regressions results indicate that the number of immigrants, the emphasis of localization, national identity, social tolerance, political stand, degree of trust shown to others, and level of education had significant impacts on attitudes toward immigrants or foreign workers.

並列關鍵字

international migration ； immigrant ； EU ； South Europe ； attitudes toward immigrants

國際替代計量

移民趨勢以及一般民眾對於移民的態度：義大利、希臘、西班牙、與葡萄牙的比較分析

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