一位主動脈竇動脈瘤破裂之罕見案例

主動脈竇動脈瘤是一種罕見的心臟結構病變，因具非特異性表徵及困難診斷，容易導致高死亡風險。本案例是一位53歲男性患者，因急性胸痛入院治療，藉由實驗室檢查發現心肌酵素升高、D-二聚體升高，心電圖檢查為aVR導程ST段上升、於第I、II、V4～6導程出現ST-T波段變化，初步診斷為左冠狀動脈主幹心肌梗塞，立即行冠狀動脈攝影檢查發現無異常。個案出現胸痛合併心因性休克之症狀，從中排除主動脈剝離、肺栓塞、心包填塞等診斷，深入檢視病史紀錄及影像報告，發現心臟超音波、胸部電腦斷層及冠狀動脈血管攝影檢查有由左流向右心室的瘻管分流，最終確診為主動脈竇動脈瘤破裂。患者緊急接受右冠狀竇動脈瘤修補及主動脈瓣置換手術治療後，胸痛、休克狀況改善且左心室功能恢復，術後預後良好。在面對急性胸痛合併血液動力學不穩定的患者時，除了須考慮症狀相關的疾病診斷外，當聽診發現S1及S2連續性心雜音時，建議將主動脈竇動脈瘤破裂列入考慮，以掌握治療處置之重要時機。

關鍵字

主動脈竇動脈瘤；胸痛；心因性休克；主動脈瓣置換手術

並列摘要

Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is a rare cardiac anomaly due to the nonspecific symptoms and difficult confirmation of diagnosis leading to high mortality. This report describes the case of a 53-year-old man who had suffered from acute chest pain. The electrocardiogram showed the ST segment elevation in lead aVR and ST-T wave changes in leads I, II and V4-6. Elevated D-dimer levels and cardiac enzymes were also observed. Acute myocardial infarction caused by the left main coronary artery obstruction was initial diagnosed. Coronary angiogram was performed immediately and the result indicated non-obstructive coronary artery. However, cardiogenic shock with persistent chest pain was discovered. Aortic dissection, pulmonary thromboembolism and cardiac tamponade were gradually excluded. Through detailed review and analysis of medical history, physical assessment and image examinations with echocardiography, chest computed tomography and coronary angiogram, a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm was eventually diagnosed based on image examinations which revealed left-to-right shunt communicating with the right-sided heart chambers. The patient received emergency right coronary sinus aneurysm repairment and aortic valve replacement surgery. Symptoms with chest pain and shock gradually disappeared and left ventricular function was restored postoperatively. The patient demonstrated excellent recovery. In facing relevance diagnostics for patients with acute chest pain and hemodynamic instability, a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm must be considered to endure best treatment timing if heart auscultation reveals S1 and S2 continuous murmurs.

並列關鍵字

sinus of valsalva aneurysm ； chest pain ； cardiogenic shock ； surgical aortic valve replacement

參考文獻

Cheng, T. O., Yang, Y. L., Xie, M. X., Wang, X. F., Dong, N. G., Su, W., Lü, Q., He, L., Lu, X. F., Wang, J., Li, L., & Yuan, L. (2014). Echocardiographic diagnosis of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: A 17-year (1995-2012) experience of 212 surgically treated patients from one single medical center in China. International Journal of Cardiology, 173(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.003

Diwakar, A., Patnaik, S. S., Hiremath, C. S., Chalam, K. S., & Dash, P. (2019). Rupture of sinus of valsalva - A 15 years single institutional retrospective review: Preoperative heart failure has an impact on post operative outcome? Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_243_17

Doost, A., Craig, J. A., & Soh, S. Y. (2020). Acute rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the right atrium: A case report and a narrative review. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 20(1), Article 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01383-7

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