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「賣藝維生」的古代醫生:以《希波克拉底斯全集》之〈症狀之預斷〉與〈病患訪視錄〉為分析基礎

Greek Itinerant Doctors: An Analysis Based on the Hippocratic Corpus: "Prognostic" and "Epidemics"

摘要


由於科學知識體系的背書與拯救生命的使命,醫學這門專業在我們社會具有引導性的地位;而醫生也成為我們健康生活的導師。此一形象的形成,除了醫學掌握人類生命的延續之外,醫學史著作對醫學知識的發展與醫生扮演對抗疾病的英雄角色之描述,亦是關鍵所在。然而,這個形象卻可能造成一種非歷史性的投射,導致我們對歷史的誤解。本文試圖以《希波克拉底斯全集》中的〈症狀之預斷〉與〈病患訪視錄〉為詮釋的史料基礎,並將古代醫生視為一「醫療工匠」的角色作討論,進而提出與現代醫生相當不同的形象:一個「賣藝維生」的古代醫生。

並列摘要


Because the endorsement of the scientific knowledge system and the missions of rescuing human life, medicine as a discipline has a preceding status in our society and physicians become the instructors for our healthy lives. The creation of this eminent image can both be attributed to the development of medical knowledge and physicians as the hero combating against diseases described by medical historians. However, this image may cause the so-called "unhistorical projection" and lead to a misreading of the historical context. Based on the historical sources "Prognostic" and "Epidemics" in the Hippocratic Corpus, this paper attempts to treat ancient doctors as medical craftsmen and suggest another image different from modern physicians - an itinerant craftsman.

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