並列摘要
Ovarian cancer is a lethal disease comprised of distinct histopathological types. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer consists of five major histopathological type: high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC), mucinous ovarian carcinoma, endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, and clear cell ovarian carcinoma. High-grade serous ovarian cancer is currently treated with chemotherapy. The majority of patients show a primary response, however, many rapidly develop drug resistance, and lower sensitivity to chemotherapy for LGSOC. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) mediate the effects of female steroid hormone on ovarian cancer. The majority of epithelial ovarian carcinomas and many granulosa cell tumors express ER and PR, which have demonstrated responses to endocrine therapy (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors and progesterone) in multiple clinical trials. For advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, anti-estrogen therapies should be considered in order to prolong the progression-free interval of disease.