探索健身運動樂趣來源－以質性研究的途徑

The Qualitative Investigation of the Source of Exercise Enjoyment

鍾孟玲(Men-Ling Chung)

《國際休閒遊憩與運動管理發展趨勢研討會專刊》 2013 (2013/12) Pp. 232-246

摘要

樂趣為運動參與過程中重要的的動機因素之一。健身運動的情境和脈絡有別於競技運動，競技運動強調贏得比賽、勝過他人及追求卓越的目標，而健身運動著重在享受運動的整體過程；運動樂趣的研究，在競技運動情境中廣泛地被討論，也獲得許多研究發現。然而針對健身運動樂趣的瞭解仍是模糊不清的。因此，本研究採質性研究途徑，進入健身情境以田野觀察法和深入訪談法進行探索。探討五位長期參與健身運動者，觀察他們健身運動的情形並深入瞭解他們在健身運動樂趣的反應與詮釋，藉此發掘健身運動參與者其健身樂趣來源的心理結構。結果發現：（1）在健身運動樂趣的感受方面，研究對象描述運動樂趣的感覺包括：運動時感覺流暢、刺激、活力、有趣、好玩、快樂、愉悅、平靜、性感、新鮮感…等等。（2）健身運動樂趣來源有八個構面：勝任感、表演的樂趣、情緒出口、情緒結果、能力的肯定、外表的肯定、環境舒適、人際互動、欣賞的樂趣、健康益處。（3）樂趣反應對個人在認知、情緒及行為上皆有正面的效果，例如：對自己的身材更滿意、更喜歡自己、減少鬱悶感、開心、比較樂觀、更愛運動、樂於分享運動經驗…等。本研究結果使我們對健身運動樂趣來源的面貌有更清楚的瞭解，建議未來可建立一套健身運動樂趣來源理論模式。

關鍵字

健身運動 ； 樂趣 ； 質性研究

並列摘要

The aims of present study are to explore the source of enjoyment in exercise and the psychological structure of enjoyment-related response. This study focuses on the context of physical activity, analyzes data based on proven theories and approaches the issue from quantitative, field study and in-depth interviews perspectives. The findings suggest that there are 93 significant items which can be classified into 11 categories as follows: (1) In terms of the perceptions about the enjoyment of physical activity, the subjects describe as sense of flow, excitement, vibrancy, enjoyment, fun, happiness, delight, calm, sexiness, freshness, etc. There are 4 categories and 8 structural dimensions in the source of physical activity which included achievement motivation and non-achievement motivation from both the interior and exterior. The dimensions include sense of competence, joy of performance, outlet for emotions, results of emotions, competency approval, appearance approval, comfortable environment, human interaction, the joy of appreciation and the benefits of being healthy. enjoyment-related response has positive effect on post-activity recognition, affection and behavior. The findings of the study conform to the hypotheses of previous theories and provide deeper insights into the aspects of the source of enjoyment in physical activity. In the future study it is recommended that a theoretical model for the source of enjoyment in physical activity be established.

並列關鍵字

exercise ； enjoyment ； qualitative investigation