淺談國內製程安全管理與符合性稽核之重要性

美國推行製程安全管理迄今已近三十年，其他國家如：加拿大、韓國、新加坡也紛紛跟進，製程安全管理的推行儼然已成國際趨勢。而台灣直至2014年頒布「製程安全評估定期實施辦法」後才逐漸受到重視。本文首先回顧台灣目前製程安全管理推動現況與困境，並說明製程安全管理的特性，透過區隔職業安全與製程安全，釐清製程安全管理的目的。最後，藉由重申製程安全管理符合性稽核的特點，彙整出適用於製程安全管理符合性稽核的執行流程，並針對各步驟進行說明。法規的強制性規定是業者推動動力來源之一。然而，國內法規的結構問題，容易使業者誤解製程安全管理推動目標。台灣係以工作場所作為管理基礎，易將公共區段遺漏，且所列管的化學品涵蓋範圍較小。另外，部分法規條文在引述時仍有一些不明確之處，易造成事業單位的誤解。因職業安全的概念已深植國內業者的心中，導致執行時常無法區分製程安全與職業安全的差異，且製程安全相關專業技術涉及廣泛，除主管機關的堅持與領導外，更需仰賴業者推動的決心。目前台灣仍處推動初期，應妥善打好基礎，以利後續推行。符合性稽核是監督及改善整個製程安全管理的重要項目。透過符合性稽核可了解廠內製程安全管理的執行現況及方向是否正確。為使製程安全管理符合性稽核能有效的執行，應先區分及了解製程安全管理與職業安全管理之差異，因兩者關注的安全問題截然不同，採取的方法也有所不同。此外，專業的稽核小組成員、明確的稽核目標及合適的稽核作法等，亦為符合性稽核妥善執行的基礎，上述各項目完成後，製程安全管理的實施狀況才得以被實質掌握，以達成防止高危害化學品災難性洩漏之目標。

關鍵字

製程安全管理；符合性稽核；實施流程

並列摘要

The United States has been implementing process safety management for nearly 30 years. Other countries such as Canada, South Korea and Singapore have also followed up. The implementation of process safety management has become an international trend. It was not until 2014 that the process safety management regulations were promulgated that they were gradually taken seriously in Taiwan. This paper first reviews the current state of process safety management in Taiwan and explains the characteristics of process safety management. To clarify the purpose of process safety management by separating occupational safety and process safety. Finally, it describes the characteristics of process safety management compliance audit, and summarizes the implementation process applicable to process safety management compliance audit, and explains each step. The mandatory regulations are one of the sources of motivation for the industry to implement process safety management. However, the structural problems of domestic regulations make it easy for the industry to misunderstand the objectives of process safety management. By the essence US PSM focuses on the highly hazardous chemicals, while in Taiwan much attention is focused on the workplace as a whole, in which leakage of chemicals accounts only a portion of possible root cause. In addition, there are some ambiguities in the provisions of the regulations, which may easily lead to misunderstandings of the industry. Because the concept of occupational safety has been deeply rooted in the hearts of domestic companies, it is often difficult to distinguish between process safety and occupational safety. And the process safety related professional technology involves a wide range, in addition to the insistence and leadership of the competent authority, it is more dependent on the industry's determination to promote. At present, Taiwan is still in the early stage of promotion, and the foundation should be properly laid to facilitate subsequent implementation. Compliance audit is an important project to monitor and improve the safety management of the entire process. Through the compliance audit, you can understand whether the implementation status and direction of the process safety management in the factory are correct. In order to make process safety management conformity audit can be effectively implemented. First of all, we should distinguish and understand the difference between process safety management and occupational safety management. Due to the safety concerns of them are completely different, the methods adopted are also different. In addition, professional audit team members, clear audit objectives and appropriate audit practices are also the basis for proper implementation of compliance audits. After the completion of the above projects, the implementation status of process safety management can be substantively controlled to achieve the goal of preventing catastrophic leakage of high-hazardous chemicals.

並列關鍵字

Process Safety Management ； Compliance Audit ； Implementation Process

參考文獻

OSHA, Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals, 29 C.F.R. § 1910.119 (1992)

Google Scholar

Besserman, J., & Mentzer, R. A., Review of global process safety regulations: United States, European Union, United Kingdom, China, India. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 2017; 50: 165–183.