Low-Cost Adsorbents from Agricultural By-Products Impregnated with Phosphoric Acid

Agricultural and forestry residues, or general biomass, are considered as suitable raw materials for the production of low-cost adsorbents. In this work, activated carbon was prepared by activation of agricultural by-products in the presence of phosphoric acid. Different agricultural residues such as bagasse, apricot stones, almond, hazelnut, pistachio and walnut hard shells are used as precursors. Different preparation parameters like the activating reagent/precursor ratio, final activation temperature and activation time were examined to evaluate the influence of the activation conditions on both the yield and quality of the obtained activated carbon. The results indicated that the selection of final activation temperature, activation time and activating ratio was important in the quality of activated carbon. The surface area and ash content of the produced activated carbon were compared with those of commercial ones. Based on the results from a variety of raw materials, it has been found that activated carbon from hard shells of apricot stones had the best adsorption properties and the largest surface area. This activated carbon could be used in the recovery of precious metal ions such as gold and silver from wastewaters.

並列關鍵字

Adsorbent ； Activated Carbon ； Chemical Treatment ； Agricultural By-Products ； Phosphoric Acid

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