跨國經貿協定的視聽例外：從TPP談起

Audiovisual Exception in Trade Rules: A Look into the Trans-Pacific Partnership

蕭肇君(Chao-Chun Hsiao)

《傳播文化與政治》 7期 (2018/06) Pp. 1-34

摘要

自由貿易的理論與實踐，歷來都有疑難，各國在進行貿易談判時，須予文化財特別考量，亦成通說與慣行。為振興本地視聽文化，對影音等文化財的產製與流通，任何國家既應保有相當介入空間，如何確保其政策不受經貿協議干擾，值得考察。在此問題意識下，先前於國際上喧騰一時的《跨太平洋伙伴協議》，當下故因美國退出而暫失動力，然經檢視協議有關電子商務、投資、跨境服務、政府採購及國營事業之文本及附件，仍可發現各國為其視聽政策盡力折衝的軌跡。以此為鑑，作者建議，國人固宜跳脫科技決定論的迷思、以「視聽例外」盡力限縮貿易承諾的範圍，更宜善用各項政策工具，特別是壯大公共廣電體制，務實追求國人最大利益。

關鍵字

視聽例外 ； 本地內容 ； 經貿協定 ； 公共媒體服務

並列摘要

The theory and practice of free trade is not as applicable as neo-liberalists claim. The truth is, meanwhile, almost every country gives special treatments to cultural goods in the context of trade negotiations. Therefore, it is worth studying how to prevent state interventions in production and distribution of cultural goods from trade agreements. From the perspective, although the once eye-catching Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) had lost its momentum after the official withdrawal of the US, participation from other parties to the now-scuttled trade pacts did leave a valuable lesson for others to learn from. On the basis of an analysis of the TPP in relation to Chapters of Investment, Cross-border Services, E-Commerce, Government Procurement, and State-own Enterprises, this article suggests, the most practical way to pursue national interests of Taiwan will be keeping the principle of audiovisual exception in trade deals on the one hand, and strengthening public media services on the other.

並列關鍵字

audiovisual exception ； local content ； trade agreement ； Public Media Services