新加坡在培养中国人才的角色和经验

Manpower Training of Chinese Government Officials: Singapore' Role and Experience

黄梅贵(Ng Beoy Kui)

《南方大學學報》 5卷 (2018/08) Pp. 1-14

摘要

自1978年中国改革开放以来，为了加强经济发展和结构调整，中国有关当局因而派出大量高级干部到发达国家取经。1992年，邓小平“南巡”，改革开放自此更积极地展开；同年，邓小平提出：“我们应该学习借鉴新加坡的经验。”学习新加坡就此成为一股热潮，中国官员因此大量先后到新加坡考察学习。1998年，中美两国启动了“哈佛计划”，每年选派干部到哈佛大学进行专题研究和行政管理课程。然而，新加坡还是中国作为领导干部海外培训的首选。中国之所以要向新加坡学习，有三个原因，一是领袖思维相近，注重实用、战略趋向渐进、学习侧重实践。二是政党作风相似，在中国政府的想象中，新加坡跟中国一样，都是稳定的执政党，而且新加坡经济繁荣，社会安定，而这正是中国政府一直梦寐以求的。第三，新加坡的经济发展经验提供了一个东西方结合的模式，而不是一味模仿西方，正符合当时中国领导的口味。自1978年至今，中国国内的政经已经到了天翻地覆的改变，经济成长率平均在9%。人均GDP从1978年的US$250到2012年的US$6,091，这本身就是一种奇迹。然而，这快速的成长的背后也同时面对各种各样的复杂社会问题，向新加坡学习，尤其是它的制度、它的法治精神和它的反腐败传统，即使是国情有所不同也有可借鉴的地方。

關鍵字

经济发展 ； 改革开放 ； 人力资源 ； 二元经济 ； 结构调整 ； “市长班”

並列摘要

Since the adoption of the Open Door Policy in 1978, China has been sending government officials overseas for training as part of the strategy to promote economic development and structural adjustment. In 1992, Deng made a trip to the southern part of China to signal the need for acceleration in economic reform. In the same year, he encouraged government officials to learn from Singapore's experience in economic development. Since then, a large number of government officials were sent to Singapore for short-term training and study tours. There were three reasons why Singapore was chosen as a venue for policy emulation. Firstly, political leaders of both countries emphasized pragmatism and gradualism in economic reform. Secondly, China perceived that Singapore has the political commitment towards political and social stability and economic development. Finally, Singapore economic development provides an example of the blending of East and West in terms of administration and management, and this is what the Chinese leaders are eagerly looking for. Since 1978, China has undergone tremendous changes in both political and economic arena. Its economic growth has recorded an average of 9% a year, and its GDP per capita increased significantly from US$250 in 1978 to US$6,091 in 2012. However, such rapid economic growth has also brought with it serious economic and social problems. In this respect, Singapore's experience serves as a model for China to emulate especially in terms of administrative system, legal structure and anti-corruption tradition, even though China's economic and social environment differ from that of Singapore.

並列關鍵字

Economic development ； Open door policy ； Human resources ； Dualistic economy ； Structural adjustment