隧道鑽掘機與潛盾之技術演進

李魁士 ； 三井 隆 ； Ruben Duhme

《土木水利》 43卷2期 (2016/04) Pp. 48-56

https://doi.org/10.6653/MoCICHE.201604_43(2).0008

摘要

19 世紀初潛盾開發之概念係利用盾構隔絕並支承開挖地盤。而硬岩TBM 則是在開挖面穩定良好之岩盤，於無盾構下滾動切刃盤以壓碎、裂解岩盤，達到掘削之目的，兩者各有適用場域。然自1969 年開發密閉式TBM，及1983 年開始在潛盾機頭配置滾輪式切刃，並經潛盾與硬岩TBM 兩者技術融合、精進後，TBM 已可鑽掘軟弱土層至岩層之所有地盤。此時，潛盾已被定位為TBM 之一種。1990 年後，近代TBM 技術則朝向大斷面、大深度、長距離、快速施工、非圓形等多樣化精進。

並列摘要

The concept of the ＂shield tunneling technique＂, which was invented in the early 19th century, adopts a shield in order to support the excavated ground, while the ＂hard rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) technique＂ normally excavates under stable ground and uses a disk cutter to split the rock in order to dig faster. These two different types of techniques are suited for different types of situations. However, since the ＂closed type shield machine＂ was developed in 1969, an additional roller cutter has now been adopted for the closed type shield machine beginning in 1983. As both the shield and hard rock TBM techniques have gradually been making advancements over the years, the TBM can now excavate from soft ground to hard rock. In fact, in this day and age one could say that the shield machine can be considered as a type of TBM, and recently, since the year 1990, a variety of TBM techniques have been developed and implemented for larger cross sections and for deeper, longer distance, quicker progress rate, and noncircle shape tunneling.