人格特質、社會資本、先前知識對創業機警性影響之實證研究：創業家與經理人的比較分析

An Empirical Study of the Influence of Personality Traits, Social Capital and Prior Knowledge on Entrepreneurial Alertness

陳志遠(Chih-Yuan Chen) ； 張勝立(Sheng-Li Chang) ； 魏式琦(Shyh-Chyi Wey) ； 楊金展(Chin-Chan Yang)

《創業管理研究》 2卷4期 (2007/12) Pp. 25-56

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.200712.0002

摘要

創業機警性被許多學者認為會影響機會辨識，但是相關的實證研究很少，本研究以台灣創業家及企業經理人為樣本，採用問卷調查與多變量統計分析方法，進行影響台灣創業家及企業經理人創業機警性之實證研究，實證結果主要發現：1.影響台灣創業家的創業機警性之主要因素為先前知識與創造力；2.影響台灣經理人的創業機警性之主要因素為先前知識；3.台灣創業家與經理人合併樣本後，影響創業機警性之因素為先前知識與創造力；4.樂觀與社會資本（包含社會網絡中之資訊與資源的取得以及助力的獲得）不會影響創業家與經理人的創業機警性；5.社會資本可能是創業機警性影響機會辨識過程中的調節變數，也可能對機會辨識有直接的影響效果；6.創業家平均創造力顯著高於經理人，顯示創造力對創業機警性之影響佔有極重要的地位。

關鍵字

創業機警性 ； 人格特質 ； 社會資本 ； 先前知識 ； 機會辨識

並列摘要

Ardichvili et al. (2003) has developed a theory related to the process of identification and development of entrepreneurial opportunity. They believed that the personality traits of entrepreneurs, social network, and prior knowledge would influence the entrepreneurial alertness firstly, and then the opportunity was identified and developed; however, in Taiwan, there are few empirical researches related to the opportunity identification and affected elements. This study used the theory of opportunity identification of Ardichvili et al. (2003) as a basis to develop a questionnaire, and conduct an empirical study of entrepreneurial alertness of Taiwan's entrepreneurs and managers. According to the results of statistical data, this study has developed a theory of entrepreneurial alertness that regards it as a reference to all entrepreneurs and managers. The major findings are presented as follows: 1. The key variables of influencing Taiwan entrepreneurs' alertness are the creativity of personality traits and prior knowledge. 2. The vital variable of influencing Taiwan managers' alertness is prior knowledge. 3. According to the incorporated samples of Taiwan entrepreneurs and managers in this study, the key variables of influencing entrepreneurial alertness are creativity and prior knowledge. 4. The variables which do not influence entrepreneurs' and managers' alertness are the optimism in personality traits, the acquisition of information and resource and the acquiring assistance from social network. 5. The key variables of influencing entrepreneurial alertness are creativity and prior knowledge; however, the variables of social capital relation would become the moderator between the alertness and opportunity identification. 6. Comparing the creativity of entrepreneurs and managers, this study discovers that the average score of creativity of entrepreneurs is apparently higher than managers', which shows that creativity is an important variable while starting a new venture. According to the results, creativity and prior knowledge are the two main variables which influence entrepreneurial alertness. In other words, it is harmful to identify entrepreneurial opportunities if these two elements are neglected.

並列關鍵字

Entrepreneurial alertness ； Personality traits ； Social capital ； Prior knowledge ； Opportunity identification