論文化創意產業育成－以澳洲昆士蘭大學育成中心為例

On Business Incubation in Cultural and Creative Industry: A Case Study of QUT Creative Enterprise Australia

王美雅(Mei-Ya Wang) ； 張倪綸(Ni-Lun Chang)

《創業管理研究》 5卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 29-51

https://doi.org/10.30132/JER.201009.0002

摘要

創業者必須在有限資源下進行基礎研發、新產品發展與行銷等多項業務，因此，能夠提供互補性資源的育成中心成為創業過程重要的支援性服務伙伴之一。由於育成中心發展的背景和智財權下放以及網路創業熱潮有關，也因此，過去育成中心多半以科技廠商為主要育成對象，然而，隨著經濟結構與產業環境的改變，文化創意產業已經逐漸取代科技產業成為推動經濟成長與創新的另一個重要引擎。本文以澳洲第一家專門育成文創事業的育成中心－澳洲創意企業（Creative Enterprise Australia, CEA）作為個案，試圖從實驗性的標竿案例以及文化創意產業特性切入，探索文創產業育成與科技育成的可能差異與挑戰。本研究發現文創產業育成有幾點特色：一、由於文創企業在智財權機制與投入成本預估上都有更高的不確定性，使得創投業者不願意投資初期文創事業，因此，文創育成必須有更多元的資金機制；二、專注於文創產業可能帶來專業化的優點，但也可能因為廠商同質性太高而不利於互動，因此，在選擇育成廠商時應該考量廠商產業與階段的多樣性；三、由於文創企業必須有源源不絕的創意持續注入，因此，文創育成中心更強調提供一個有利於創意發生的環境與空間；四、文創商品是體驗型商品且容易受到社會網絡的影響，因此文創育成中心應該盡量在產品開發階段納入展示、實驗與消費者互動機制；五、創意工作者非常在意其作品，常重視其藝術價值甚於市場價值，如何讓文創創業家面對創意人與創業家的角色衝突，是文創育成中心的重要挑戰。

關鍵字

育成 ； 育成中心 ； 文化創意產業 ； 個案研究

並列摘要

An entrepreneur must fulfill lots of organization functions with limited resources in the early stage of a new venture, therefore incubators that provide complementary resources become one of critical partners to support an entrepreneurial economy. As incubators rapidly grew under the condition of Bayh-Dole amendment implementation and dot com bubble, most incubators accommodate technological firms. However, as economic structure and industrial environment changes, cultural and creative industry gradually becomes another important engine of economic growth except high-tech industries. This research intends to take CEA, the first CCI incubator in Australia as a benchmark, and explore the critical issues and challenges that CCI-specialized incubators might face. Several findings emerge from this study. First, CCI firms are weaker in applicable IPR and high-risk in nature, which makes them difficult in getting funding from venture capitalists, multiple capital raising channels are important for CCI incubators. Second, specialization might bring benefits and cost, CCI incubators should consider diversity and synergy at the same while selecting their tenants. Third, creativity is key for CCI firms' sustainability, therefore CCI incubators need to build a creative environment to forge creativity. Four, CCI products are experience goods and users are easily influenced by their social network, providing a exhibition and interaction space with consumers in the new product development process will be critical for CCI incubators. Fifth, creative workers value their product, sometimes emphasizing their culture value than market value, therefore a creative entrepreneur must face the conflict between different roles, which also the big challenges for CCI incubators.

並列關鍵字

incubation ； incubator ； cultural and creative industry ； case study